ISSN 2344 – 1283, ISSN CD-ROM 2344 – 1291, ISSN ONLINE 2344 – 1305, ISSN-L 2344 – 1283
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Andra-Ioana BALAUR

This article is an overview of the agricultural practice by the name of “aquaponics”, which merges aquaculture and hydroponics (growing vegetables in a soilless environment) in a completely controlled environment in order to ensure sustainable food production, thus eliminating the obstacles induced by meteorological conditions, scarce resources, lack of farmland, and other external factors threatening large-scale food security. This paper will present the working principle of this relatively new farming practice and provide a look at the advantages and disadvantages of using aquatics for agricultural production. With a better understanding of this technology and its true potential, all the while taking into account the minimisation of any associated environmental impact, it has been found that aquaponic systems constitute one of the ways of the future in terms of sustainable farming practices.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Ștefan BĂRBULESCU, Iana Andreea GHIMIȘI (DRAGOMIR), Marcela CHIRU, Denis NENCIU, Daniela VĂCĂROAIA, Beatrice SANDU

The filamentous fungi are among the most dominant phylum in the nature and great due to their significant contributions to biotechnological applications for the welfare of human being. Filamentous fungi are widely distributed in diverse ecological niches and produce extraordinary range of secondary metabolites. The pigments from filamentous fungi were used as food colorants, natural dyes in textile industry, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. Natural pigments from filamentous fungi serve as a green alternative to synthetic dyes in food colorants, cosmetics and are biodegradable in nature. Filamentous ascomycetes fungi are known to produce an extraordinary range of colours. There is a wide selection of non-pathogenic strains of filamentous fungi that are non-toxin producers and can be used as potential sources of natural food colorants with improved functionality. The ability of these fungi to grow on residuals of different complexity (e.g., starch-based, lignocellulose-based residuals) is well-documented, showing versatility regarding different processes that can be built around the filamentous fungi. Unlike the use of pigments from vegetables and fruits, the cultivation of ascomycetes does not compete with agricultural land for food production, and therefore, the synthesis of pigments is faster due to time-efficient and simple fermentation processes. The fermentation processes generate high yields of biomass together with value-added products such as pigments, organic acids and alcohols. Interest in food-grade pigments is because of the pigments’ ability to enhance the products’ natural color in order to indicate freshness, appearance, safety, and sometimes even to add a novel sensory aspect to attract consumers. A few strains of ascomycetes filamentous fungi being considered as potential pigment producers include, some strains of Talaromyces (e.g., T. purpurogenus and T. atroroseus producing red pigments), Cordyceps unilateralis (deep blood red pigment), Herpotrichia rhodosticta (orange), Curvularia lunata and several species of Drechslera (many different pigments). Strains of these species are promising because they are non-mycotoxigenic and non-pathogenic to humans. Nevertheless, the individual mycotoxin profiles of these strains remain to be explored. Some other pigment producing fungi for their use in the production of potential food colorants are species of Eurotium and Fusarium oxysporum (yellow and red pigments, respectively), Fusarium fujikuroi (red and orange pigments) and strains of Penicillium such as P. citrinum, P. islandicum, P. aculeatum and P. pinophilum. However, several species of Penicillium are able to produce known toxic metabolites and Eurotium spp. and F. oxysporum have been shown to produce mycotoxins as well. The potential production of mycotoxins is a major problem which limits the commercial application of these strains of fungi. This problem, together with the increasing demand for natural coloring alternatives from both customers and regulators, has triggered investigations and screens for other potential pigment-producing genera of fungi. In this paper we present the isolation from the environment of some new strains of filamentous fungi on PDA agar culture medium, their cultivation in laboratory conditions for the production of pigments in a liquid medium in a submerged system in incubators with orbital agitation – rotary shaker. We also present the optimization of pigment production on different liquid culture media. The subsequent studies will aim the taxonomic identification of each newly isolated fungal strain, the production of mycotoxins, which could prohibit the use of these fungi as potential producers of useful pigments in the food industry, and last but not least, the isolation and biochemical identification of the molecular structure of pigments produced by these fungi.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Estera BIVOLARU, Marcela CHIRU, Daniela VĂCĂROAIA, Denis NENCIU

Mismanagement of drinking water supplies can pose serious public health risks. There are many concerns about water source management among private well owners, as they are often solely responsible for maintaining their wells, and monitoring and testing of their own water quality. Lack of worry about contamination and a strong sense of control over risks in relation to drinking water quality have been identified as important factors that influence peoples' perceptions and behaviour. The most effective way to check water supplies for faecal contamination is microbiological analysis, and a range of test methods designed for that purpose has been developed for the water analysis. Instead of carrying out separate tests for each of the potential pathogens, viruses, or parasites that might be in the water, microbiologists test for indicator organisms that are always present when enteric pathogens and viruses are. Defined substrate technology (DST) developed by IDEXX can produce results in 24 hours. The IDEXX Colilert uses a colourimetric ONPG assay to detect coliforms and a fluorescence MUG assay for E. coli. Colilert can simultaneously detect these bacteria within 18-24 hours. It can also suppress 2 million heterotrophic bacteria per 100 mL present. As of 2014, this technology from IDEXX has been published as a European Standard Method, and many countries now use this technology as their gold standard for water testing like Finland and Ireland. The Enterolert Test from IDEXX uses a proprietary Defined Substrate Technology (DST) nutrient indicator to detect enterococci. This nutrient indicator fluoresces when metabolized by enterococci. DST improves accuracy and avoids the need for hazardous sodium azide suppressants used in traditional media. In order to achieve the proposed goal, the groundwater sample taken from a family from Tamasi, Corbeanca commune, Ilfov county was analyzed in the laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Microbiology, F.I.F.I.M., U.S.A.M.V. Bucharest from an organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological point of view. The groundwater sample from a private well was taken from the kitchen cold tap water of a family in a sterile glass container for organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological analyses. The underground water from the private well comes from a depth of 120 m and the drilling is located in Tamasi, Corbeanca commune, Ilfov county. The groundwater sample was transported in a refrigerated box to the laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Microbiology within the Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering within the U.S.A.M.V. Bucharest. The experiments performed and presented in this paper represent a part of the studies performed for the bachelor's thesis. All analyzes for water quality (colour, taste, smell, pH, turbidity, ammonia, nitrites and nitrates) from the private well fall within the maximum limits allowed by the standards in our country, except for the concentration of water hardness that exceeded the limits allowed. Microbiological analyzes for the detection of faecal contamination of the water sample using classic methods and IDEXX defined substrate technology confirmed the absence of coliform indicator bacteria. The recommendation for bringing the water hardness to optimal parameters and falling within the water quality standards was to install a water softening station.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Paul BOCU, Alexandru PETRUȘ, Patric BUTNARIU, Gabriel LECA

Environmental noise is a pervasive pollutant that adversely affects the health and well-being of European citizens and wildlife. Although noise is a product of many human activities, the most widespread sources of environmental noise are those related to transport. As a result, noise caused by transport is considered the second most significant environmental cause of ill health in Europe, behind fine particulate matter pollution (WHO and JRC, 2011; Hänninen et al., 2014). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), prolonged exposure to environmental noise is associated with an increased risk of negative physiological and psychological health outcomes (WHO, 2018). These include cardiovascular and metabolic effects, cognitive impairment in children, as well as severe annoyance and sleep disturbance. With projections of rapid urban growth and an increased demand for transport, a simultaneous increase in noise exposure and the associated adverse effects can be anticipated (Jarosińska et al., 2018). The transposition of Directive 2002/49/EC of European Parliament and of the Council relating to the assessment and the management of environmental noise in Romania was achieved by Law no.121/2019 regarding the assessment and management of ambient noise. This law addresses the avoidance, prevention or reduction of harmful effects, including discomfort, caused by the population's exposure to ambient noise, through the progressive implementation of the following measures: the determination of exposure to environmental noise, through noise mapping, ensuring that information on environmental noise and its effects is made available to the public, adopting, based on the results of noise mapping, action plans to prevent and reduce ambient noise, where appropriate, in particular where exposure levels may cause harmful effects on human health, and to maintain ambient noise levels below defined limit values according to art. 4 point 19, if they are not exceeded. In order to evaluate noise pollution, common methods have been established at the level of the countries of the European Union. These methods evaluate environmental noise and define limit values, based on harmonized indicators to determine the noise level. The purpose of this work is to present the importance of quiet green recreation areas for people's health. In order to achieve this objective, in this paper we present the method of obtaining comparative geospatial noise maps in crowded intersections (Arcul de Triumf and Casa Presei) and green areas (King Mihai I Park and Herăstrau Agronomy Campus) located in the northern part of Bucharest. To obtain the acoustic pressure values, we used the Sound Meter Coolexp application and a digital sound intensity measuring device - Uni-t UT353 sound meter. We used the obtained data to create geospatial noise maps with the QGIS application.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Eng. Cosmin-Bogdan DANCIU

This paper illustrates the current situation of the CA1 adduction canal, the possible technical solutions, the technical comparison between two waterproofing variants, the presentation of the rehabilitation works, as well as the main technological stages of the waterproofing of the canal in the Babadag area, county of Babadag. Tulcea. The two solutions that will be analysed are the following: the first solution consists in restoring the CA1 channel to its original dimensions and waterproofing it using the following technical solution: waterproofing using 235 g/m2 geotextile + 0.75 mm HDPE geomembrane + C20/25, 8 cm concrete slabs, reinforced with welded mesh, and the second solution is restoring the CA1 channel to its original dimensions and waterproofing it using the following technical solution: waterproofing using EPDM geomembrane reinforced with polyester mesh. The extension and rehabilitation of the irrigation infrastructure in Romania is expected to have a significant economic impact on the economic viability of farms, increase the competitiveness of farmers, but also support the agricultural sector to be able to face the long-term challenges of climate change, in particular those related to drought, as well as to ensure food stability and security in adverse climatic conditions. In the project we aimed to rehabilitate the hydrotechnical works of an irrigation plot in the Babadag area, we analysed the situation of the whole, we proposed general valid solutions for the condition of the hydrotechnical works and we customised to the situation and technical solutions suitable for the CA1 canal. We have analysed its transport capacity, finding that, if it is decolmated, it meets the flow conditions required for operation, but with a higher water level at the required flow rate.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Vlad EFTIMIE, Mirela COTUNĂ, Gina BUJOR

In this paper we want to present a short review about the amazing activity of microorganisms, which does not cease to surprise us and the various fields of activity where they can be used. Due to the fact that microorganisms have existed on earth for almost 4 billion years, they have been able to develop very complex metabolic pathways that have allowed them to occupy various ecological niches and survive. Also, the complex relationships that have been established over time between different types of microorganisms, and that have begun to be discovered and understood by researchers, open new perspectives for the development of new technologies and environmentally friendly products. Microorganisms continue to amaze us with their incredible properties: they can be excellent builders, producers of natural pigments for nontoxic dyes, producers of nanoparticles and nanomaterials, purifiers of contaminated air, water and soil, skilled decomposers of countless chemicals (even xenobiotic), recyclers of matter in biogeochemical cycles, etc. In this paper we will draw attention to how microorganisms can be included in state of the art technologies and products that help the sustainable development of human society in the near future. Thus, we will talk about: eco-friendly biological bricks, building materials from mycelium, biocomposite, the healer fungus, algae-grown limestone concrete, electricity-generating bio-panels, fungi for everyday products, natural microbial dye, bacteria and amazing spider silk.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Ana JUVERDEANU

The article presents the evolution of the ecological renaturation process of the Danube riverbed on the territory of Tulcea county, namely the Zaghen Polder. The economic, geostrategic and biodiversity importance of the Danube valley has been written about since ancient times, and in 1910 the Roman researcher Grigore Antipa drew attention to the negative effects that the damming and draining of these wetlands for agricultural exploitation would have in the future. Following the historic floods on the Danube in 2006, this subject was reopened and as a result the Romanian legislators issued Decision no.1208 of 6 September 2006 approving the ecological and economic resizing programme in the Romanian sector of the Danube River Basin and its financing. The WWF International organisation, which campaigns for the implementation of the projects together with local decision-making institutions such as the ADDBR, provides important support in this process. A concrete example of the ecological restoration of a dammed area on the Danube is the Zaghen polder.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Zina PARASCHIV, Cristina-Andreea POPA

In recent years, attention has been focused on the constant trend of population growth, and the consequent growing demand for food, which classic agriculture can no longer provide. Alternative food like insects, red seaweed, soy, and cell-based products are a sustainable way of changing our diet in order to minimize the environmental impact determined by greenhouse emissions, water, land, and energy use. Consumption of these alternative foods comes new industry vision of what the future of food will look like, and as a result with new regulations. Being novel foods, most people don’t have enough knowledge and consider unnatural these new methods of producing them. Surprisingly, alternative foods are particularly rejected by Western societies, which proves that culture impacts a good amount of our beliefs. This current mini-review focuses on explaining what cellular agriculture is, what aliments are considered alternative food and whether we could reach a sustainable future by changing our diet.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Alexandru PETRUȘ, Patric BUTNARIU, Paul BOCU

Important sources for environmental noise exposure are road, railway and air traffic, or building sites. Noise exposure can also occur through other sources such as wind turbines, and leisure activities such as listening to loud music or other audio content including participation in e-sports (video and computer game competitions). Excessive noise can cause annoyance; in addition, research shows it increases the risk for hypertension, sleep disturbance, hearing impairment, tinnitus and cognitive impairment, with increasing evidence for other health impacts such as adverse birth outcomes and mental health problems. Today, noise pollution is a major environmental problem, cited as a top environmental risk to health across all age and social groups and an addition to the public health burden. Prolonged exposure to high levels of noise impairs human health and well-being, which is a growing concern. Traffic and other urban noises affect not only human well-being, but also disturb and endanger the survival of species crucial to the urban environment. The mental health benefits from natural sounds and general quietness are considered psychological ecosystem services provided by nature. Urban green space and vegetation produce positive psychological effects. Public parks, gardens and other small green areas provide pleasant sounds from nature, such as rustling leaves, swaying tree branches and chirping birds. Quiet urban areas offer acoustic relief to city inhabitants from noisy surroundings, a prerequisite for mental restoration and well-being. In this paper, we present the results of the questionnaire for the survey of public opinion regarding the perception of the level of noise in the urban ecosystems. The questionnaire contains ten questions and was addressed to various social categories, of age and with different levels of education. The questionnaire, the statistical interpretation and the graphics were made with the help of Google forms.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Bogdan CONSTANTIN

The present study aims to highlight the energy efficiency of the type of constructions named as "Passive Houses", comparing the energy efficiency of a house built in a conventional way with a house built according to the regulations imposed by the Passive House Institute, having as a reference a classic passive house and a premium passive house. In the first part, the article presents generalities about what a passive house is and how it is built, what criteria should be followed and how such a project is certified, at the same time it is presented how a residential building is built, in a conventional manner, according to the legislation in force. In the second part of the article, different systems and components that make up a passive house are shown, how they manage to increase the energy efficiency of a house compared to a conventionally built house, at the same time managing to reduce the carbon footprint and reducing the monthly bills for energy. In the last part of the article, using graphs and tables, it is shown how the energy efficiency of a house is directly influenced by the chosen systems and their quality, how by respecting the criteria imposed by the Passive House Institute one can obtain a total or only partial improvement in the life quality of the living space, energy independence and at the same time a significant reduction in monthly energy payments.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Ana-Maria PREDA, Elif ÖZTÜRK

People will always need a home. Statistically speaking, the next 50 years will be drier than the last 50 years, so society must change its way of building houses. At this moment, most of the houses are built with poor-quality materials, the insulation is of poor quality. Water is used as if it were single-use, and the soil around the house is not used for food but cement is poured over it. This paper presents a model of a residential complex in Romania, that is following the goals of sustainable development. Considering the economic, social, and environmental aspects, the residential complex will lead to the improvement of the quality of life of the people who will live there, the creation of new jobs, and the improvement of the quality of the environment.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Marius BRATU

In this paper, the behaviour of the pumping stations in the town of Băbeni, Vâlcea county, is evaluated in relation to the sewage system and wastewater treatment. They are an important factor that has environmental effect, which needs to be managed carefully, also improving city inhabitant life quality. Their high energy consumption must be reduced, being an element of secondary environmental impact, the networks safety is one of the key efficiency standards, expressed in a quality-like approach, this criterion must be enhanced by quantitative factors. The pumping installation introduction for wastewater system rehabilitation is an extraordinary solution resolving practical issues, even is not a current approach.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Elena-Georgiana ZLOTEA, Beniamin-Adelin GARVĂN

Effective planning for the supply of safe drinking-water must consider the growing uncertainties associated with a changing climate. Strengthening resilience can support water suppliers to better anticipate, respond to, cope with, recover quickly from, and adapt to, future shocks and stresses associated with climate variability and change. Water safety planning offers a systematic approach to build resilience to current and emerging climate threats by considering the implications of climate variability and change at each stage of the water supply. In Romania, through the Order no. 2.721/2.551/2.727/2022, regarding the approval of the General Framework for water safety plans (WSP), the responsibilities of competent authorities and water producers and/or distributors regarding the preparation, assessment and approval of water safety plans, have been established. The obligation to draw up the WSP rests with the producer, in collaboration with the water distributor, depending on the case, the implementation of such a document will be carried out by the water producer/distributor with the support of the WSP team, established at the level of water operators who supply at least 1,000 mc of water/day or supply a community with minimum 5,000 inhabitants.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Andra ARBĂNAȘ, Larisa-Nicoleta IVU, Iasmina Patricia TODOR

Systematic cadastre represents the registration in the land register of all buildings that belong to a TAU. In order for the field part to have a shorter duration and greater efficiency, it was chosen to make a flight with the WingtraOne GEN II drone, which represents one of the best performing drones, for better precision when georeferencing the images they used in the field "ground control points" for which the coordinates were determined with the help of GPS. AutoCAD and Agisoft programs were used to process the data obtained from the field, later vectorisation and identification of small problems appeared on the orthophoto plan. These works were carried out for the registration of buildings in the integrated cadastre and land register system. The purpose of this work consisted in the acquisition of data for the realization of the systematic cadastre for a very large number of existing buildings in the localities that are part of the TAU Giroc. This was also marked by the difficulty of taking the data from the field and processing them, due to the high degree of coverage in the inside of the urbane area with buildings and vegetation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Diana–Andreea BENESCU, Elena-Mihaela COJOCARU, Florentina-Ștefania CIORBĂ, Andrei–Rareș CALEN

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Field Maps are powerful tools for the management and mapping of various types of geographic data. In this study, we explore the use of these tools to efficiently register and manage various features of the Campus Agronomie Herăstrău environment. We developed an app using Field Maps that allowed us to collect data on different features of the campus, including buildings, outdoor spaces, and facilities. This comprehensive digital map created could be accessed and customized by users in real-time, allowing for quick and accurate decision-making. Our results show that the use of Field Maps provided an efficient and accurate way to register and manage different features of the campus. The app allowed us to quickly and easily collect data on various features of the campus, including their location, size, and condition. The customizable features of Field Maps also allow us to adapt the map to changing conditions. Our study highlights the potential of Field Maps as a valuable tool for efficient spatial data management. In addition, we examine the broader implications of our study, highlighting the potential for GIS and Field Maps to improve the management of complex geographic systems beyond the context of campus environments.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Bianca Maria CREȚ

Modern technology combined with classical technology plays a fundamental rol in engineering activities undertaken in day-to-day operations, with the aim of obtaining the necessary materials for construction or obtaining certain useful materials found near the surface. A significant contribution of this branch of engineering measurements, using modern technology, is manifested through specific studies carried out from the preliminary design phase of the exploitation to the phase where the perimeter is ecologized. The purpose of this article is to test and evaluate the accuracy of data for volumetric predictions of exploited materials, using modern technology and specialized software based on topographic altitude, through which we can create a three-dimensional model of the exploitation perimeter. For this purpose, a suitable surface exploitation was chosen as a case study, referring to the Lucaret-Sud perimeter in Timis county, where the volume of useful material forecasted in the exploitation program for the year 2023 was determined.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Alexandru-George-Florian DUMITRESCU

In the recent twenty years that have passed, technology had exponential growth in a short period. Some devices included LiDAR sensors that are as old as thirteen years today, which would have cost an arm and a leg, and today we find it as a novel feature on the new iPhones. But even though they are present in our lives unknowingly, they are vastly underexploited. In this research we aim to present both advantages and disadvantages of using such complex systems in fields like surveying and terrain modeling, and if a simple iPhone 12 Pro Max using 3D processing software can replace, in the lon g run, the bulky but reliable 3D scanners. The building chosen is rather a complex one, of historic importance, with many statues and a decorated Art Nouveau facade, from the interbellum period: Casa Mita Biciclista.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Larisa-Nicoleta IVU, Iasmina Patricia TODOR, Andra ARBĂNAȘ

The purpose of the topographical survey was to collect data from the field in order to fully upgrade the electric public transport and improving the non-motorized transport infrastructure in the Municipality of Reșița. The total length of the route that is the subject of this project is 8.5 km, this route includes the following streets: Republic Boulevard, Caransebeșului Route, Timișoarei Route, The December Revolution Boulevard, Ion Luca Caragiale Street, Freedom Street, Traian Lalescu Street, Paul Iorgovici Street and Republic Square. From the route created for the electric transport infrastructure, the paper presents the first section that includes the part of the roundabout that connects with the Intim passage, that crosses over the railway that connects South Reșița and North Reșița. The study presents the following stages in the fulfilment of the project: the stage of organisation necessary for the realisation of the specialised works, the materials and methods used in carrying out the topographic survey, the processing of the data in order to create the topographical technical documentation that will be made available to the designer.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Cezar Cătălin NEAGU, Alina Mihaela STILIUC

The main objective of the project, entitled "STUDY WITH THE HELP OF LIDAR TECHNOLOGY ON CHANGES OVER TIME OF THE PILCOMAYO HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN IN PARAGUAY IN THE PERIOD 2018-2020", is to create, with the help of specialized programs and software, the digital model of the land and the model digital of the surface, for a portion of the Pilcomayo River, located in the central part of South America. The final result must come in support of the people who will draw up flood scenarios and plans, due to the fact that the river is constantly changing, threatening both the flora and fauna of the area, but also the communities of people near its banks. As part of the project, volumetric calculations will also be made, which will result in the quantities of excavation and filling that will be necessary to combat possible floods.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Denisa Andreea NISTOR, Anda Mădălina VUSCAN

The main purpose of this paper is to study the dynamics of Timiș county based on spectral information obtained from Landstat 8 satellite imagery. The vegetation dynamic has been expressed differently from the normalized difference indices: NDVI, NDWI, NDSI, NDMI, NDBR and NDBI. With the help of the Arc Map software, one can create maps based on normalized difference indices. Each index has a certain representation: NDVI – vegetation, NDWI – water, NDSI – snow, NDMI – humidity, NDBR – potential of burning vegetation and NDBI – constructions. The presented results present a new, up-to-date method for monitoring the earth's surface based on geomatics technologies.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Monica SIRBU, Amalia RUSU, Nicoleta PAVEL

The largest and most capable rover ever sent to Mars, Curiosity is a component of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory program who was launched on November 26, 2011 and landed in Gale Crater on Mars on August 5, 2012. Since landing on Mars, the Curiosity rover has explored the 5 km high Mount Sharp (Aeolis Mons) in Gale Crater, climbed over 612 meters, reaching younger and younger rocks. The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) team can analyse the sedimentary deposits by using a collection of imagers placed on the rover, that provides generous pixel sizes and multiple fields of view from close to long-range observations. For this examination the ChemCam instrument, which is mounted on the rover mast, uses a Remote Micro-Imager (RMI), that functions as a 700 mm-focal length telescope, and a Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometer (LIBS). Up to a few kilometres out from the rover, remote outcrops can be observed with the RMI. According to this study an experiment aimed at computing for the first time with RMI Digital Outcrop Models of these remote outcrops as collecting 3D information is essential to characterizing the architecture of the sedimentary deposits. Therefore it is demonstrated how adequate collections of individual RMI frames may be used to successfully apply Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry to rebuild the 3D shape and relief of these remote outcrops. This article aims to showcase the application of photogrammetry in the exploration of Mars, highlighting the ways in which this technology has been utilized to gather and analyze valuable data about the planet's geological features and atmospheric conditions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Cristian Samuel TEREŞNEU

This paper aims to highlight a number of facilities that an engineer in topography can use to automate the elaboration of cadastral documentations. Once the legislation in this field changed, new challenges appeared related to the fast and correct generation of all appendices which are part of any type of documentation. For the proper completion of appendices 13, 14 and 15 all opportunities offered by the Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word. With regard to appendix 16, the AutoCAD and ArcMap programs were used, with full automation being achieved. VBA code sequences were developed to extras neighbouring parcels from the E-Terra platform and label the arcs with their names. These neighbouring parcels were also analysed in an individual manner with regards to area overlaps. Finally, the whole documentation was completed in an Excel registry, which was afterwards exported into the .pdf format. Testing of this method on 38 cases lead to an eight-fold increase in terms of time efficiency for the completion of cadastral documentations.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Iasmina Patricia TODOR, Larisa Nicoleta IVU, Andra ARBĂNAȘ

This work is a forest management work that aims to develop the cartographic base of the forestry fund, the public property of the state, administered by the Timiș Forestry Directorate, through the Lugoj Forest District, in compliance with the forestry regime. In this work is presented only the production unit III Drinova within the Lugoj Forest District. In order to achieve the topographic elevations of the limits of the forest bodies, a GPS was used using the RTK method, and for the processing and preparation of the cartographic documentation for the thematic digital maps, was used the computer environment Autodesk Raster design. In order to determine the areas and create the production unit maps, there were used the returned aerophotogrammetric plans with level curves at a scale of 1:5000 for the entire area of 12185.39 ha, corrected with recent orthophotoplans and measurements executed with GPS technology.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Radu Mihai TOGĂNEL, Ioana-Alexandra MIREA

The paper deals with aspects of the digitization of the construction sector, specifically by detailing the process of adopting the Building Information Modeling (BIM) concept in Romania, in comparison with other European countries. It is based on the data obtained from specialised publications, while also integrating information about the legislative changes proposed for the adoption of BIM. Countries such as Germany, France, or Italy have taken concrete steps regarding the digitization of the construction sector by imposing the use of BIM especially in the projects financed through public funds. In this context, Romania relies on the reforms included in the National Recovery and Resilience Plan and their irreversibility to speed up the digitization of the construction sector. In order to highlight examples of good practice, references were made to the integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) in cartography and in areas of public administration in Romania, as a component of digitization. Finally, the paper proposes a theme for a transport infrastructure project that will exclusively use digital techniques for the foundation, design, construction and monitoring of the stages related to the investment objective by combining the two tools: BIM and GIS.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Milena VOINOV

This study aimed to analyze and characterize a protected area based on satellite imagery. Protected areas are terrestrial or aquatic areas specially designed to protect and maintain biodiversity, natural resources and related cultural resources. Remote sensing is the technology by which objects can be measured, identified and analyzed from a distance, without the need for direct contact. Thus, for the analysis of satellite images, we used the data obtained from Landsat 8. Semenic-Cheile Carasului National Park was studied under the aspect of the variation of NDVI, NDMI and NBR indices. It was considered a period of seven years, 2015-2022, for the study, and as the period of the year the summer season was taken into account. Satellite scenes, Landsat 8, were used, taken in August during the study period. Based on spectral information and established formulas, NDVI, NDMI and NBR indices were calculated. To better analyze the features in pictures, we use band combinations. We accomplish this by creatively rearranging the available channels. We can extract specific information from an image by employing band combinations. It can be seen how Semenic-Cheile Carasului changed its dynamics over the years.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Alexandru-Valentin ANDREI, Gina BUJOR, Ioana MACOVEI, Andra VIȘAN

Johann Friedrich Carl Gauss, was a German mathematician and physicist who made important contributions to many fields of mathematics and many different domains in science. Sometimes referred to as the Princeps mathematicorum (Latin for “the foremost of mathematicians”) and "the greatest mathematician since antiquity", Gauss is considered among the most influential mathematicians throughout history.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 10
Written by Maria Elena POPESCU, Irina Georgiana ZOTA, Ariana Maria DÎRLECI

Daniel Bernoulli, doctor, mathematician, teacher of metaphysics and natural philosophy, remained one of the most symbolic figures in the history of science. His name is commemorated by the equation he discovered, a specific example of the conservation of energy known nowadays as Bernoulli Principle. Friend but also rival of Leonhard Euler, Bernoulli is the author of some publications about hydraulics and mathematics. Just as importantly, he had abilities in other fields, earning a PhD in botany and anatomy and his master degree in philosophy. Our article is a journey in the private and professional life of the great Daniel Bernoulli.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Andrada BUDUGAN, Denisa MUȚ, David ANCA, Daniel CADAR

Advanced 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry is a valuable tool for the characterization of building materials like waterproof mortars. Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence method was used for the measurement of four samples (C65, P88, P288, AQSE) of waterproofing mortars at 7 days after preparation. In general, four dynamics components were observed for the T2 Laplace distributions at 7 days after preparation. Their characterization shows the evolution and the mobility of protons in the samples. In general, these peaks have T2 values which can be associated with bound water, free water in small pores, and free water in medium and large pores. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was measured for all samples and correlated with NMR parameters.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Elena Mihaela COJOCARU, Diana Andreea BENESCU, Andrei MOȚ

It is well known that the construction sector is constantly growing, bringing a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the impact of construction materials on the content of Carbon and Nitrogen in soil. These two chemical elements, especially the Carbon:Nitrogen (C:N) ratio, are extremely important in organic matter and are among the most important in terms of soil structure, especially because they could provide information leading to characterization of the soil. Carbon in soil plays an essential role as food source for soil micro-organisms and as bacteria metabolite, while Nitrogen is an important nutrient for crop production. In this study, the C:N ratio was calculated in the case of soil samples taken from an area in full development, in Bucharest, where demolition of buildings took place recently. This ratio was compared with the one determined in the soil samples from the immediate surroundings, where vegetation grows. The obtained results indicated that the C:N ratio was lower in the case of soil samples taken from an area in full development compared with the one determined in the soil samples from the immediate surroundings, which indicates that construction materials influence the Carbon and Nitrogen content of the soil.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Ionuț Mădălin COSTINESCU

This article is intended to highlight the input of the field stability software and its monitoring programs to implement the best technical measures to prevent and combat the occurrence of landslides. The best software programs at national and international level will be presented briefly, based on the principle of limit equilibrium method and the finite element method. This article will also describe the technical work resulting from the analysis of the implementation of the various programs in Romania, Spain, Algeria, and Iran. In Romania at present time, among the most used software for analysing the stability of slopes are: Geo5, Geostar, Geo-slope, MidasGTS NX, Midas SoilWorks, Plaxis 2D, Plaxis 3D, Phase2, Abaqus, Cosmos. Moreover, the article will mention other programs developed in Romania, following the research outlined in the PhD theses. There are more than 50 programs at world level that can be used in such analyses, of which in this article we mention Plaxis V 8.2, SPSS 18, FLAC slope.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Raluca Maria DINU, Aurelian IOAN, Irina Corina DRĂGAN, Florin Ionuț PITU

Using waste as a resource - this may be the definition of the concept of circular economy that we have tried to put into practice. The reuse and transformation of organic waste from the kitchen and garden can be transformed by biological and biotechnological processes in which microorganisms and decomposing worms are used. Composting is a microbial successional process which have progression in breakdown of substrates and the resulted product, work as a substrate for next successive population, whereas vermicomposting is a biotechnological process in which certain species of earthworms (Lumbricus spp. And Eisenia foetida) are used to enhance the process of waste degradation. It is a mesophilic process that comprises bacterial and fungal degradation with the help of earthworms; all of them are active at 10°C–32°C. Initial degradation takes place in the gut of the earthworm so it is a fast process. Earthworms are often called as friends of farmers because they convert waste into gold. The dominant phyla in vermicompost are dominant uncultured Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacterioides and Gemmatimonadetes. Highly active bacterial as well as fungal populations are found in compost and vermicompost. Vermicompost amendment helps plant soil sodicity and salinity and encourages multiplication of microbial biocontrol agents in disease suppressive soils and suppress a variety of diseases. Earthworms (phylum Annelida), usually red wigglers (Eisenia foetida) or European night crawlers (Eisenia hortensis), are used to compost organic materials, such as pig and cattle manure, agricultural and yard waste, and food waste (e.g., cafeteria, coffee shop, restaurant, and groceries). The worm castings result in organic fertilizer that can be applied to the land. The process of composting is usually odorless. There is a growing group of vermiculture enthusiasts and advocates within the organic food, locally produced food, and urban agricultural movements. The beneficial effects of earthworm feces and worm casts on crops have been known for more than a century, however, there has been a significant increase in applications of vermicompost in certain types of agriculture over the last decade because of the identification of specific plant growth–promoting properties. The technique of vermicomposting also helps to recycle plant material waste, municipal wastes and animal manure. The use of vermicompost is vital in sustainable agriculture since it is an inexpensive method of managing agricultural wastes, in particular. Vermicompost maintains a stable physical soil structure because of the presence of soil macropores and organo-mineral complexes that allows adequate porosity, good aeration, water holding capacity, microbial activity, balanced mineral nutrients, and colloidal buffering capacity. These properties are due to the presence of humic and fulvic acid. Biostimulatory effects can be obtained from vermicomposts, which can be utilized in agriculture and horticulture to replenish nutrients and improve plant resistance toward abiotic stresses. There are various formulations of vermicompost available in the commercial market such as their leachates (i.e., the liquid runoff that settles in or below the vermicompost), teas (vermicompost water extracts), and other extracts which are darkly colored, odorless, and rich in nutrients. This paper presents the results obtained in the research conducted for the case study included in the Bachelor's Thesis. All experiments underlying this study were performed in the laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Microbiology within the Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering within the U.S.A.M.V. Bucharest. In this paper we present the results obtained by testing the vermicompost we produced from organic household waste.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Cătălina FILOTE, Isabela Maria SIMION, Maria APOSTOL

The persistance of heavy metals in wastewaters and the environment has determined the scientific community to find innovative and sustainable methods and materials for their removal. In this pursuit, microorganisms have gained increasing popularity due to their diversity, resilience to extreme environmental conditions, complex structure and chemical mechanisms. Most of all, the excellent performance of microbial biomass in the uptake of metal ions is of high interest for the development of more sustainable remediation alternatives to conventional treatment methods. The most applied methodology for sustainability analysis is the Life cycle assessment (LCA) for the environmental component and Life cycle costing (LCC) for the economic one. Applied together these two frameworks can offer a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly way to use microorganisms for wastewater remediation. Thus, this paper aims to look into the LCA and LCC methodologies and the way these can be used in an integrated way to evaluate the metal removal process facilitated by microorganisms.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Cristian GRIGORE

The paper aimed to present the influence of environmental factors on natural radiactivity, the study shows how radition variates from lowest altitude i have measured to highest, what are the the factors that makes the radiation to vary so much and what are the efects of them in our lives. The study is made in more regions in Romania including Muntenia (Arges), Oltenia (Gorj, Ramnicu Valcea) and central (Brasov). The prcessed data are based on measurements made in the mentioned counties using University of Pitesti as a start point. The effects of a high amount of radtiation can produce a lot of ilness, as the worst one of them being cancer. During the period of colecting data we can see the radiation increases as we go further to the high grounds as it is Ranca or Postavaru mountains. Following of the research i have made, the radiation increases from the lowest altitude to the highest because of the cosmic radiation that comes from space and from the sun.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Ionela-Alexandra ION, Hugo BEEKELAAR, Hanna VERDUIJN, Brwa Mohammed MAHMOOD, Loredana-Iuliana SPOIALĂ

The city of Zwolle values circularity and aims to become the fourth most circular city in the Netherlands, after Venlo, Rotterdam and Amsterdam. Circularity requires reducing, reusing and recycling. One of the challenges concerning circularity regards waste streams. Waste streams need to be reduced and repositioned. Especially in neighbourhoods with many blocks of flats, waste separation requires more attention. Currently, households have the possibility of separating plastic, paper, glass and residual waste, but not organic waste. This is bundled together with residual waste, which is where the problem lies. At this moment, it is impossible to fully separate organic waste from residual waste, which makes repositioning its value extremely difficult. As Zwolle wants to reuse as many raw materials as possible to come as close to zero residual waste as possible, it is important to find a way to separate the organic waste and reuse the valuable materials.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Andreea Denisa LAZĂR, Elena Georgiana ZLOTEA, Daniel Andrei POPA, Diana Teodora SANDU

A sea, a river or a lake are not just masses of water, but they must be viewed together with the creatures in them, as ecosystems. Billions of microscopic organisms are located at the bottom of lakes and rivers or found in suspension in their waters, acting on the chemical composition of the water. The anthropization of the environment has profound repercussions on aquatic ecosystems. As a result there is a change in the chemical composition of natural waters and imbalance of stability in biocenoses. Starting from these considerations the objectives pursued in carrying out the present study are: identifying the qualitative and quantitative structure of the diatomaceous flora, establishing their specific diversity, evaluating the level of saprobity, in order to evaluate the ecological status of the Butimanu-Dâmbovița lake water based on the biological diatom index (IBD).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Ana-Maria PREDA, Beniamin-Adelin GARVĂN, Adrian-Gabriel LECA

As a result of the growing population density in urban areas, environmental noise is nowadays recognized as a public health problem. Directive 2002/49 / EC require the creation of noise maps in the main European cities. Sound is an elastic wave that propagates in a gaseous, liquid, or solid medium. Noise is a complex of sounds of different frequencies and intensities randomly superimposed. The production, propagation and detection of sound waves are related to the vibration of the elastic environment, which the human ear can detect. Now in the "century of speed" when development is the priority, urban areas are the most affected. In this study, we have determined and map the noise pollution levels in a crowded intersection in Bucharest. The values obtained were compared with the limits presented in the current legislation - SR 10009:2017 for the noise level. Obtained data were processed, and noise pollution levels were mapped using a geostatistical analysis software - QGIS software.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Cecilia Ionela TĂBAN, Teodora Mihaela CIRICAN

The presence of radioactivity in drinking-water is a risk factor on human health, including cancer. This article presents the harmful effects of radioactivity on human health, the legislation and the available analytical methods of controlling radionuclides in environmental samples. Several case studies regarding the gross alpha and beta activities of surface, ground and drinking water, were described. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), radon, a radioactive gas that comes from disintegration of radium, is considered a carcinogenic agent of group 1. There are two approaches of monitoring 222Rn in water, WHO and EURATOM. The methods for determination of radioactive content in water can be direct (gamma-spectrometry) or indirect (gamma-spectrometry, emanometry and liquid scintillation counting). Several published reports on radioactive pollution of water in different regions, showed exceeding values of gross alpha and beta activity, depending on geo-climatic factors. This study emphasizes the importance of monitoring water radioactivity and in particular radon, which can be a major risk for consumer health.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Florin Tudor ZURINI, Aurelian IOAN, Elena ZURINI

Responsible use of groundwater resources should be the responsibility of every person, because our very existence on Earth depends on these invaluable resources. Due to the climate change we are currently going through, drinking water resources are becoming less and less qualitatively affected due to pollution and the infiltration of pollutants into groundwater. In agriculture, one of the major causes of groundwater pollution are chemical synthesis substances, which are used as an input for plant growth, for phytosanitary treatments against insects and phytopathogenic microorganisms and for weed removal. That is why the research direction that we approached was that of the responsible use of groundwater and the obtaining of ecological fertilizers based on plants from the wild flora of Romania. In order to obtain the ecological liquid fertilizer, we used plants from the wild flora of Romania, namely nettle (Urtica dioica), comfrey (Symphytum officinale) and horsetail (Equisetum arvense). We tested the organic fertilizers we obtained in the laboratory to see their ability to stimulate the germination and growth of bean seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The organic liquid fertilizer we obtained had a very good effect on stimulating the germination and development of bean seedlings. The groundwater sample was taken from the family well. The drilling is at a depth of 40 m and is located in Crucea de Piatră, Călugăreni commune, Giurgiu county. The groundwater sample was transported in a refrigerated box to the laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Microbiology within the Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering within the U.S.A.M.V. Bucharest. In order to achieve the proposed goal, the groundwater sample taken from the family well was analyzed in the laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Microbiology from an ecological point of view. The experiments performed and presented in this paper represent a part of the studies performed for the bachelor's thesis.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Elena ZURINI, Ana Maria PREDA, Ariana DÎRLECI, Alexandra BĂICOIANU, Ștefan BĂRBULESCU, Florin Tudor ZURINI

This paper presents the results obtained in the research conducted for the case study included in the Bachelor's Thesis. All experiments underlying this study were performed in the laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Microbiology within the Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering within the U.S.A.M.V. Bucharest. In this paper we present the results obtained by testing the microorganisms from the consortium present in the soil sample taken from the vegetable garden of the Zurini family from Crucea de Piatră, Călugăreni commune, Giurgiu county and the new strain of Bacillus sp. isolated. This new edaphic bacterial strain of the genus Bacillus isolated and identified by us has the ability to produce biofilms and inhibitory compounds (like antibiotics and organic volatile compounds) that inhibited the development of phytopathogenic fungi in the complex that creates the fall of seedlings in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), root rot and hypocotyl (Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Fusarium sp.,) that are naturally present in the soil or on the beans. Also, the new edaphic bacterial strain Bacillus sp. has the ability to stimulate the germination and development of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris), in addition to the ability to provide protection against infection with phytopathogenic fungi from the soil.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Elena ZURINI, Ana Maria PREDA, Florin Tudor ZURINI

The purpose of this work was to find microbial growth and yield enhancer for plants. This paper presents the results obtained in the research conducted for the case study included in the Bachelor's Thesis. The soil sample was taken from the family vegetable garden located in Crucea de Piatra, Calugareni commune, Giurgiu county from a depth of 5 - 20 cm, after removing the vegetal layer from the surface. The soil sample was transported in a refrigerated box to the laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Microbiology within the Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering within the U.S.A.M.V. Bucharest. In order to achieve the proposed goal, the soil sample taken from the family vegetable garden was analyzed in the laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Microbiology from a microbiological point of view. Thus, the in vitro studies carried out highlighted the great biological diversity of the analyzed soil sample and of some relationships that exist between the different groups of microorganisms in this microcosm. Thus, the use of consortia of microorganisms present in this soil sample allowed us to obtain new strains of microorganisms with properties for growing and stimulating plant development, which we can continue to use in other studies that we will do in the laboratory and in vivo in the vegetable garden.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Ana Maria PREDA, Beniamin Adelin GARVĂN

Water is one of the most fundamental needs to support people's livelihood. Access to water and sanitation is even recognized by the United Nations as human rights, which reflects the crucial role of water in human lives. But we need to keep our water as clean as possible. In many rural areas, the sewerage system is completely missing. People use the water from the well, and the water used returns either to uninsulated septic tanks or directly to the soil. This can endanger public health and soil quality. The purpose of this work is to determine the physico-chemical indices of water in the Butimanu village, Dambovita county, rural area, to integrate into quality classes and to find a suitable solution that would put an end to this circuit.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Cosmin IORDACHE, Simona ADAM, Bogdan CONSTANTIN, Miruna PETRARIU

The present study aims to highlight the non-destructive tests on concrete structures by determining the rebound index and the ultrasonic propagation speed, found in the European standards SREN 12504-2 and SREN 12504-4, respectively; the calculation of plane frames and building structure of the Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering(FLREE) in relation to seismic responses.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Paul Cristian ZDRENGHEA, Andreea Diana CLEPE, Viktor SZALAI

This paper aims to present monitoring the behaviour in time of a steel structure using a revolutionary method, known as Terrestrial Laser Scanning and the advantages of this technique in researching the effects of extreme actions on buildings. The demand for developing new strategies in designing buildings against accidental actions like external explosions has increased significantly in recent years due to the global political and social instabilities. Accelerated technological progress, as well as the need to acquire three-dimensional data for buildings, have led to the development of this new method for acquiring data using laser waves. In this study, laser scanning was used during real-scale field tests, to monitor the behaviour of energy-absorbing envelope systems for a steel structure subjected to external explosions. Based on the obtained data it will be possible to draft new design strategies for non-structural elements like the envelope of a building, reduce the potential for more serious structural failures and protect the occupants of the building.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Stana-Elisabetina DRĂGULESCU-ANDREI, Sabrina-Emanuela GRIGORE, Sebastian-Constantin HNATIUC, Razvan-Claudiu MOȚ

In the following paper we aim to present the importance and necessity of a municipal cadastral plan because it serves as a starting point for many projects, especially in the field of architecture and civil engineering, for example obtaining building authorisation. By municipal cadastre we refer to the management of the municipal networks that serve the development of a city, networks such as the potable water supply, the sewage, the natural gas, the heating, the electric cable, the telecommunications, or other types of municipal networks. In this project, we have also included a presentation of the methods and stages used for the execution of such a project realized in a district of Mosnita Nouă, Timiș county.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Simona Ioana PÎȘEU

The paper presents the technical aspects but also the legal ones regarding the issue of restitutions of areas covered with forest in a locality of Braşov county. An area of 393.43ha was considered to be measured using two Trimble Pro XT and Pro XH receivers. The measured areas were correlated with the areas registered in the property titles or with the data held by the mayor's office (requests and validations). Accuracy of point coordinates was calculated with GPS equipment in two situations: at the boundary between forestry and agriculture and within forest areas. Very good accuracies were obtained, accuracies that fell within the range 0.2… 0.4m at the border with the agricultural and 0.5… 0.8m inside the forest areas. Also, all the property titles and the record of vesting of possession were synchronized with the concrete land situation, managing to draw up the parcelling plans in order to submit them for approval to OCPI Braşov. However, there are also some situations in dispute, these being the subject of discussions between the owners, the representatives of the mayor's office and the company that carries out the tabulation work.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Ioana-Alexandra POPA

Green energy is a topical issue as there is a move towards more and more energy consumption, be it in transport (through the development of electric cars and other mobility devices), for domestic use (heating and cooling homes) or in industry. There is a target in the Paris Agreement to increase renewable energy consumption by up to 65% by 2050. One solution for obtaining electricity in urban areas where space is limited is to install solar installations on the roofs of buildings. By implementing a solar cadaster, the potential of these areas can be highlighted and calculated. Geodetic engineers can be involved in all necessary steps of solar map development, implementation and updating.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Serena-Andreea BUCUR, Marius BUICA

Depression is a mental disorder that affects more than 300 million people worldwide, which makes it one of the most common mental disorders. At the moment, psychological distress among teenagers looks to be on an increasing scale. Adolescence is a developmental phase of adaption to diversity and life problems, and so, adolescents are more likely to develop mental disorders. Also, stressful, and unwanted situations, such as the Covid-19 outbreak increase the risk of mental illnesses appearing. Based on a poll conducted by UNICEF in 2020 on 8444 adolescents, 46% reported symptoms of depression such as less motivation for activities they usually enjoyed, or less motivation to do regular chores that was reported by 36% of them. And especially because this life period involves so many changes in teenagers, natural treatment is a recommended way to treat depression, without affecting other anatomical processes inside the body. Studies have shown that there is a lot of natural, plant-based medication that has high efficiency in curing depression. Also, recent research shows that there is an increased interest in finding and developing natural and efficient treatments for depression and other associated diseases, especially for teenagers. This paper aims to provide an overview of the Covid 19 pandemic, and also of the measures that were adopted by the authorities worldwide to limit the spread of infection, which can be possible causes of the increased number of teenagers affected by depression, and also the assessment of the possibilities of using plant-based medication for the treatment of this disease.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 9
Written by Elena - Georgiana ZLOTEA, Ștefania-Cristina PANĂ

The mathematician and computer scientist Grigore Moisil, member of the Romanian Academy, was one of the most prominent personalities in the history of Romanian science. Starting this year, January the 10th was declared in Romania the National Day of Mathematics, Informatics and Sciences, in honor of Mosil, this being exactly his birthday. Moisil is the “father” of Romanian computer science. He also distinguished himself by a very broad mathematical horizon, being the author of a vast scientific work. Last but not least, Grigore Moisil was a charismatic person, being the author of some memorable words of wit that remained famous, and he had a permanent dialogue with the press, popularizing mathematics, computer science and science in general. In this article we propose a foray into the life and work of academician Grigore Moisil.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Camelia - Georgiana BODNĂRAȘ

The role of filamentous fungi in terrestrial ecosystems is highlighted by numerous studies and research conducted by researchers around the world. Among the many roles they play we can list a few: filamentous fungi break down organic matter, produce enzymes of biotechnological, agricultural and industrial interest, they are used as biological agents to control plant diseases caused by microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi, phytophagous insects, fungi can establish cooperative relationships with plants – mycorrhiza, and last but not least, fungi have a role in depollution. This paper aims to draw the attention of all people regardless of social category, age, sex or living environment on the importance of the role of filamentous fungi in terrestrial ecosystems. Studying the literature available on online search engines we created a questionnaire with sixteen various questions that highlight the importance of filamentous fungi. In this case study we present a questionnaire addressed to people from different social categories, who have completed gymnasium, bachelor's, master's or doctoral studies, such as pupils, students, masters, doctoral students. The study shows us the extent to which they know about the importance of filamentous fungi in terrestrial ecosystems, the role and benefits of these organisms around us. The poll has accumulated a total of forty-seven responses.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Mihail - Anton GHIGA, Alin CHIVA

In the scientific literature, there are several definitions of biostimulants. According to Chojnacka et al. 2014 which quotes on Vernieri et al. 2006 and Schmidt et al. 2008: biostimulants are environmental friendly, natural substances which are able to promote vegetative growth, mineral nutrient uptake, plant response to different pedoclimatic conditions and tolerance to abiotic stresses, biostimulants are organic materials that, when applied in small quantities, enhance plant growth and development such that the response cannot be attributed to application of traditional plant nutrients. In this paper we present the results obtained from experiments that took place both in the laboratory, greenhouse and in the field. Through these experiments we wanted to test the capacity of bioactive macerated extracts from weeds, plants from the spontaneous flora of Romania, such as comfrey - Symphytum officinale, horsetail - Equisetum arvense, nettle – Urtica dioica, dandelion – Taraxacum officinale , to stimulate the germination, growth and development of pepper seeds and tomato seedlings. We made the macerates from the plants from the spontaneous flora from our country according to the data found in the specialized literature with small differences and adaptations that we present to Materials and methods. The results obtained by us are encouraging because finding renewable sources of plant biostimulators is important in the context of modern agriculture, which seeks non-polluting solutions to replace polluting products - synthetic chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc.

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  1. SHORT REVIEW OF MUNCICIPAL SOLID WASTE RECYCLING IN ROMANIA AND IN THE EU
  2. THE ROLE OF THE SOIL MICROBIOTA IN PROVIDING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
  3. A SHORT REVIEW REGARDING RENEWABLE RESOURCES EXPLOITATION IN TODAY’S EUROPEAN BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTION
  4. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, SOIL QUALITY: A MINI-REVIEW

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