ISSN 2344 – 1283, ISSN CD-ROM 2344 – 1291, ISSN ONLINE 2344 – 1305, ISSN-L 2344 – 1283
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Bogdan Alexandru COSTACHE, Georgiana-Camelia BODNĂRAŞ

By studying the literature and the information available on various sites, we noticed that Sweden is the country with the most advanced and efficient waste collection and recycling system. Sweden is a top performer when it comes to sorting and recycling its waste and is in the rare situation of lacking garbage at its incineration centres, which produce enough electricity to supply 250,000 homes and heating for 950,000 homes. Swedish municipalities are individually investing in futuristic waste collection techniques, like automated vacuum systems in residential blocks, removing the need for collection transport, and underground container systems that free up road space and get rid of any smells. In the Romania, each local authority has its own system, making it difficult for residents to be confident about what they can recycle and where. We think we need more of a coherent national strategy in Romania to the collection of recyclable materials, rather than the current approach, whereby it is largely left to individual local authorities to determine their own collection policies.
Don’t waste more time and money – let’s get started! A holistic mindset is the key! Getting the whole system and industry involved creates the best conditions for the changes and actions needed to make waste management truly sustainable. It means getting the municipal sector (where the infrastructure is, or should to be) and the private sector (which sells the technology and services) to work together. Both inside municipalities and between municipalities!
Making this happen creates scope for long-term planning – and short-term action. For getting priorities right and starting at the right end of the chain. And for agreeing who should do what and why.
This paper aims to draw the attention of all people to the importance of separate collection of waste and reuse. For this purpose we created two questionnaires which we addressed to all categories of people in terms of age and social status. Surveys have accumulated a total of 154 and 117 responses, respectively.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Teodora POPESCU, Ervin COZMA

Nowadays, there are many controversies around GMOs, mainly due to the lack of information, but also to the fact that the technology of obtaining the transgenic organisms is relatively new and therefore unknown by ordinary consumers. Many people believe that GMOs are harmful to human and animal health but also, for the environment. While some of these claims have been proven to be true, most of them are just speculations. Despite all the backlash, it has not been scientifically proved that GMO consumption is more dangerous than organic food. Regarding the environmental potential issues, in order not to bring ecological imbalances, the states that have embraced GMO breeding and cultivation have adopted very restrictive regulatory rules. This way, both ecosystems and food are secured. The present paper tries to detail, besides advantages and disadvantages, some myths and facts about GMOs.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Alexandra Adriana PĂULESCU, Mălina Elena ŞTEFAN

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology has gained great attention in recent years. It is viewed as a low-cost alternative for local large scale aerial mapping and other applications requiring the modeling of a relative small area only. In this paper we present the eBeeX UAV from SenseFly used in acquisition of aerial images and the Pix4DMapper software for data processing for generating a 3D model of a hotel from Spain. The data used in this project are available on https://www.sensefly.com/education/datasets/. Data management in cases where the number of images is high is also very important. The use of UAVs is also advantageous because it may be used for tasks requiring quick response, including in the case of the inspection and monitoring of buildings. It is demonstrated that the UAV system for low altitude aerial photogrammetry can be used in the construction of 3D building production, and the technology solution in this paper offers a new, fast and technical plan for the 3D expression of the city landscape, fine modeling and visualization.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Ionuţ Cosmin GHEORGHESCU, Florin Cristian BÂRLIBA

The paper presents the current state of development of digital photogrammetry, the processing of photogrammetric images that are done manually or automatically in the digital environment, in order to elaborate the 3D model of a lens. Digital photogrammetric processing is based on object characteristics, which are visible in images. The main purpose in automatic digital photogrammetry is to extract the geometric characteristics of the identified objects. AgiSoft PhotoScan is an autonomous photogrammetric and advanced 3D image modeling software used to create professional and quality 3D models. Agisoft is a state-of-the-art program used to reconstruct 3D objects from multiple images. The totally automated workflow allows all users to process thousands of aerial or terrestrial images without the need for advanced modeling knowledge using a computer. This way you can get final products, which consist of professional photogrammetric data.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Marcela Prada de Campos ENGLER, Quirijn de Jong van LIER, Elke BLOEM, Ewald SCHNUG

A new laboratory method was proposed to establish an easily performed standard for the determination of mobile soil water close to real conditions during the infiltration and redistribution of water in a soil. It consisted of applying a water volume with a tracer ion on top of an undisturbed ring sample on a pressure plate under a known suction or pressure head. Afterwards, soil water mobility was determined by analyzing the tracer-ion concentration in the soil sample. Soil water mobility showed to be a function of the applied water volume. No relation between soil water mobility and applied pressure head could be established with data from the present experiment. A simple one- or two-parameter equation can be fitted to the experimental data to parameterize soil water mobility as a function of applied solute volumes. Sandy soils showed higher mobility than loamy soils at low values of applied solute volumes, and both sandy and loamy soils showed an almost complete mobility at high applied solute volumes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Robert-Cosmin CĂPĂŢÎNĂ, Emanuel-Daniel MIRCEA, Laurenţiu-Petrişor CIORICĂ, Nico LIPPI

Purification technologies have been rapidly evolving lately due to the large number of applications that have been made, both for city and industrial wastewater use. An important direction of evolution is related to the development of monitoring devices for the operation of sewage treatment plants. Applications that tracked performance parameters and quality indicators highlighted optimal exploitation technologies and technologies that ultimately led to increased efficiency and lower costs. In purification, the critical process indicator is "nitrogen"; reducing and framing this indicator within the limits imposed by legislation implying the inclusion of all quality indicators. The development of continuous nitrogen monitoring devices has allowed the purification, nitrification and denitrification processes to be balanced, and the development of appropriate operating and adjustment programs. The control of the ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen treatment is the best option for optimizing the operation of the treatment plants. In the material are presented the process philosophies and the results obtained from the regulation of the functioning of the nitrogen treatment plants Continuous monitoring and regulation ensures the reduction of impacts on water resources.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Alexandra CHIFAN, Alina Maria STĂNCESCU

The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for surveying is now widespread and operational for several applications – quarry monitoring, archeological site surveys, forest management and 3D modeling for buildings, for instance. UAV is increasingly usedby land surveyors especially for kinds of projects. It is still ambiguous whether UAV can be applicable for smaller sites and property division. Therefore, the objective of this project is to extract an orthophotomap, which can be used later by the land surveyor engineer in the field of cadaster, to vectorize correctly a topographic plan of the studied area. In order to achieve the correct result, the orthophotomap was created using a UAV, and more specific TRIMBLE UX5 HP. The flight schedule was prepared in the office with “Aerial imaging Desktop” software, and for the processing of the resulted photos was used “TBC - Trimble Business Center” software. Both of the softwares are provided by Trimble, the manufacturer of the UAV. The main problems associated with using a UAV are the level of precision and the visualization of the whole area. The results indicated that the precision is quite satisfactory with a maximum error of 5.33 cm for the rest of the model.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Ana-Maria-Iulia BELIVACĂ

Most human beings want to use medicinal plants to treat some diseases. This means that we want to return to nature to prevent some diseases and pains. Although diseases are currently being treated more often through medicines of synthetic origin, the use of some medications leads to certain damages to the body. Therefore, the importance of medicinal plants and their products is increasingly recognized and public confidence in their use is constantly strengthened. In my Case Study -,,The Benefits of Using the Medicinal Plants”, I concluded that: it is important to protect some green areas (100% of people agreed with this); it is important to protect the plant species with a risk of extinction (86,3% of people agreed with this); we prefer herbal products (86,3% of people agreed with this); it is important that the medicines be prepared only from medicinal plants (76,5% of people agreed with this); it is important to focus only medicinal plants and their products (63,7% of people agreed with this).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Muzaffer DUYSAL, Çağla Aytaç DURSUN, Özgür TUZCU, Durdali ATILGAN, Kerim USLU, Serdar DOĞAN

The project aims to design and produce a 5x5x5 cm pocketqube satellite that will be positioned in low earth orbit (500 km). The satellite will transfer the data obtained by the sensors and the camera to the earth. The satellite will be produced to serve for about 3 years on the earth's orbit. The satellite will include the Power Sub-System (EGS), the Built-in Computer Sub-System (MIS), the Communication Sub-System (HS), the Orientation Identification and Control Sub-System (YBKS) and the Useful Load Subsystem (FAS). All of the systems will be designed and produced in the laboratories of Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University. A ground station will be established within our university for communication with the satellite. The data to be obtained via the ground station will be shared over the internet. The presented study explains the proposed system design of the pocketqube.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Teodora PÎNTEA

The present paper consists in carrying out a study on precision in cadastral works by means of the comparison between orthophoto map and terrestrial measurements for a district in a locality in Brasov county. For this study, terrestrial measurements were made using GNSS technology and photogrammetric measurements using Dji Phantom 4 with the help of which a series of images were taken and processed with special software resulting orthophoto of the studied area. Finally a statistical analysis was carried out, calculating a series of statistical indicators whose results provide information on the accuarcy between the measured elements and those resulting from the vectorization of the orthophoto map.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Andreea-Simona NEAGU

This review talks about the importance of biodegradable plastics that have a positive impact, for now positive, on the environment. Here you will find, the good parts of recycling, reusing, and how you can do better, step by step, doing small changes in your life. Humans don’t know exactly how to do good things for the planet, and so, here you will find information about bioplastic and biodegradable plastic that can be found around us and help us to improve our lives. It’s not certain if bioplastic does too much good, or too much bad, but for now, the balance is on the good part. As long as we have microorganisms and we learn how to correctly recycle and appreciate what we have, we’ll be fine.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Cristiana-Maria MĂDÎRJAC, Mariana-Florentina MIU (SIMA), Bogdan-Alexandru COSTACHE

Groundwater quality monitoring management requires the implementation and/or expansion of routine groundwater quality monitoring programs in all villages in the counties of Romania. While the standardization of sample collection and laboratory testing protocols is essential, the ability to provide timely public notification is an equally important element. In preparation for the implementation of the groundwater quality monitoring management programe we investigated the use of IDEXX Colilert-18, IDEXX Enterolert E, Quanti-Tray/2000 (IDEXX) as a means to reduce the time necessary for public notification of freshwater quality while still providing accurate and consistent test results. The fact that IDEXX decreases the time from sample collection to public notification by over six hours coupled with its ease of use and consistent results make this method an attractive choice for the implementation of groundwater management programs.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Raluca Ioana MIHAI, Adina Maria VAIDEŞ

This paper aims at discussing about the evolution, throughout the years of private areas in the North side of Herăstrău Park in order to highlight the changes brought by urbanization and housing in this area. This paper will focus on the quantitative aspect of the problems derived from these aspects .The World Health Organization recommended 50 m2 of green space per capita, whereas the Government Emergency Ordinance no.114/2007 implies that the local authorities have the obligation to ensure at least 26 m2/capita. This numbers are not achieved in Bucharest due to different factors, one of them being the conversion of public spaces from parks into private spaces (Tudora et.al., 2018, p.120). One of such affected parks is Herăstrău, the largest park of Bucharest, listed in The National List of Cultural Heritage (code 47 B-I-s-B-17874). Even though the park is officially acknowledged as heritage, the park has suffered a decline of its surface due to the extension of private buildings and built areas. These are due to numerous causes that go from unfollowed regulations to misinterpretations of the law and more (Mexi et.al., 2018, p.3).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Dorin TĂTARU, Anastasia ROŞCA

Jiu Valley is an important mining area. With the exploitation of surface coal, a number of radioactive elements are also brought. These radioactive elements are found in both coal and tailings resulting from the extraction and processing of coal. Radioactive elements are also present in slag and ash resulting from burning due to the fact that they do not burn. In this paper we intend to study the radioactive pollution of tailings dumps and of the slag and ash ponds in the Jiu Valley.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Marius-Cornel NICOLAE, Alin-Ionuţ POPA

The paper aimed to present the main steps necessary to determine photo-coordinates and the process to correct them for systematic errors, such as radial distortion, refraction and earth curvature which is also known as image refinement. Image preprocessing is a technique which is used to enhance raw images received from aerial photocameras, placed on drones, airplanes, satellites or other aircrafts for various engineering applications with a good accuracy. Photogrammetric original data obtained are usually geometrically distorted due to the acquisition system and the movements of the platform. So, we inserted the diapositives into the measuring system (e.g. stereo-comparator or analytical plotter) and measured the fiducial marks in the machine coordinate system. Then, we compute the transformation parameters with a similarity or affine transformation. The transformation establishes a relationship between the measuring system and the fiducial coordinate system, and translates the fiducial system to the photocoordinate system. Finally, we corrected photo-coordinates for radial distortion (by linearly interpolating with the values given in the calibration certificate) and other systematic errors.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Florin Sebastian MUSTĂŢEA

On the territory of Romania, we find a multitude of soils that have a special character from the point of view of physical and-mechanical behaviors, which can raise real problems without a thorough experience and a particular engineering approach. In Romania there are many regions in which there are found soils of low consistency, more specifically soft clays. The behavior of these clays, under the influence of mechanical stresses, has very distinct characteristics, namely: thixotropy and consolidation. Knowing the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of these soils is very useful in establishing engineering measures that will lead to a source of risk as small as possible. In Romania, during the construction of highways, there have been major phenomena of instability and bearing capacity failure of the foundation ground made of soft clays under the loads induced by the embankments of the infrastructure. The Sebeş - Turda highway, in the sector between km 63 + 700 - km 64 + 000, crosses the Stejeriş Lake through an approximately 500 m long viaduct.Alternatively, to this solution, the builder initiated the construction of a fill in the lake as a platform for the highway sector. The filling was constructed of sand and gravel aggregates, all embedded in a soft clay matrix with insufficient characteristics to bind the blocks together and form a whole. Thus, there have been mudslides and landslides in the lake and in the remaining filling there have been identified active landslides towards the lake.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Florin Cristian BÂRLIBA, Ionuţ Cosmin GHEORGHESCU

3D maps offer much more than analogic maps. While on a classic map we look at a city and just imagine what that city looks like, 3D maps give us the opportunity to see this. 3D maps are currently the best solution to visit the major cities of the world if you can not afford to do it in the true sense of the word. The purpose of the paper is to create a 3D digital map of the campus of the Polytechnic University of Timisoara and for that was used the ArcGIS Online software which is a GIS mapping platform developed by ESRI in order to accomplish this work.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Vasilică GEMĂNARU

This study wants to present the way to achieve a useful geodatabase in managing the objectives inventory projects within USAMVBT campus, namely: pillars, banks, trees, barriers, parking spaces, roads, hydrants. It is an assembly of information collected using specific methods and procedures, then properly processed by programs and finally finishing with a database (GIS). The purpose of this paper is creating a geodatabase that includes all the objectives of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat "King Mihai I of Romania" in Timişoara. This inventory will be made using state-of-the-art GNSS and GIS technology, attributes will be taken from the ground, and an on-line GIS map will be created that it can be continually updated and it will allow monitoring of objectives to protect them.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Sonia VILCINSCHI, Silvia IVAN, Cătălin MILOS, Răzvan PREDA

The paper aim is to show a novel technique for tracking and monitoring the physical activity of the players in 3x3 basketball sport using a GPS system, due to the fact this particular sport is considered nowadays is one of the most spreaded urban team activity. In order to establish the best way for basketball players to improve their endurance and thus obtain better performance during the game we used for the first time in Romania a Polar monitor chest for measurement heartbeat. The results showed that 3x3 basketball game is significantly more anaerobic than the traditional 5v5 one, and even if the first one is shorter in terms of time the relative intensity is twice higher than of traditional 5v5 basketball.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Gianina-Gabriela HIRJANU, Fănuţa-Andreea COLĂCEL

Since the dawn of man, our species searched for better ways to feed themselves, by developing more efficient methods of hunting, animal / vegetable domestication, food preservation by physical methods, and finally, by adding molecules to food in order to enhance flavours or to preserve it. Today, more than 2500 additives are intentionally added to food in order to keep certain properties or to extend shelf life, while many others were banned throughout the years, some of them at a global level and others only in specific countries. In essence, food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavour or enhance its taste, appearance, or other qualities. We distinguish two important categories of food additives: artificial and natural ones. No matter the origin is, they both present advantages or disadvantages. On the one hand, synthetic substances are, obviously, cheaper and easier to produce than the natural ones, but in the same time they can be the major cause of a variety of diseases. On the other hand, natural substances are an easier way to a healthier life, if they are used in the right doses. Also, we have to be aware that their price can be even twice higher compared to the artificial additives. This paper attempts to highlight the benefits of natural additives, their synergy and potency as a great leap from synthetic additives that in most cases have a single effect on food.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Magdalena LEONTE, Eduard BĂNICĂ

Floods remain one of the major causes of natural disasters affecting society. The consequences of floods to man on a world wide scale have been well documented. Damage assessments of natural hazards supply crucial information to decision support and policy development in the fields of natural hazard management and adaptation planning to climate change. Thus, in this paper we want to bring to the forefront the modern monitoring tools, such as drones for image acquisition and data processing software to possible flood-affected areas, and an economic assessment of the losses due to them.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Mihaela-Andra ROŞCA, Ani-Rebeca CREŢU, Ionuţ-Cosmin IANCU

Every day, 600 000 people travel by subway. And every day, for a few dozen minutes, these passengers breathe the underground air. Many felt agglomeration, heat, dust. Few people wondered how harmful the particles invade their lungs. In this study we determined concentrations for the particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide, as well as the level of noise from the subway. The results are worrying and shows the differences between the maximum admitted and the actual levels that lead, in time, to the illness of the human body.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Lavinia-Elena BUS, Anca-Lorena CĂPRARIU, Andreea-MariaTARTAN

The purpose of this project is to build a digital map of the UASVM Cluj-Napoca’s campus, in order to help students from the freshman and the visitors because it has a large area of about 23 ha and a number of 15 buildings. We made use of the UAV photogrammetric method, which has advantages such as very short mapping times and reduced costs compared to aerial photogrammetry, using the aircraft. Based on the cartographic data obtained by UAV photogrammetric methods, the necessary paper drawing elements were taken.. In the first phase, we obtained the map using ArcGIS Desktop. Using the data that we obtained from this program we published the ArcGIS Online map where pop-ups were added to each building in order to fit each and every building on the university's website so anyone with access to the Internet can access it from their smartphone.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Vasilica ROHAN

The paper aimed to present the realization of an urbanistic plane in area Rădoaiei rivulet from Şinca Nouă and a cadastral delimitation between the Territorial-Administrative Units of Şinca Nouă and Codlea from Braşov county using GNSS technology. The data processing has been achieved with specific methods thus resulting the topographical plan on the area discussed above. Using the measurements a comparative study of the boundary’s coordinates has been achieved , utilizing specific softs. Thus, a differences between using satellite registrations in simple frequency (carrier wave L1), and in double frequency (combination of carried waves L1 and L2) resulted.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Andreea Luminiţa DEDULESCU

The main source of food comes from agriculture, depending on the factors of environment, light, temperature, water, air, soil, plants grow and develop. One way of efficiently monitor the development process of the plants is remote sensing. Using free-of-charge data, such as Sentinel-2, we can compare the condition of the harvest in different years with the help of the various indices computed from the many satellite bands, bands in the visible spectrum with a resolution of 10 m and the invisible spectrum, resolution shifting between 20 and 60 m. In this study, we want to focus on climate change and how it affects the condition of crops using satellite data for three consecutive years in the same area. Lack of precipitation and abnormal temperatures for certain periods of the year can affect crops and reduce food quality and quantities.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Thomas BORBELI

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the stability of a slope that was subsequently affected by a landslide through several methods of analysis. The well known limit equilibrium methods are conventional ways for the assessment of stability for homogeneous and layered soils. A comparison between the percentages of utilization of these methods has been done according to the norms in force. The following methods had been used: Bishop Method, Fellenius Method and Janbu Method. Landslides are phenomena that occur regularly in our country. They can cause serious damage to the environment and can endanger human lives. This article will present a case from a rural area that has been affected by such a phenomenon and its harmful consequences.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Senanur SAMUR, Fadime Hazal GÜNEŞ

The aim of this study is to determine the air pollution occurring in city centers or it’s around by means of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with some of the sensors. Today, the air quality in the city centers is realized via stationary air measuring stations located at the determined points of the city. This method provides very safe data depending on the number of stations that make measurement. However, when the city centre is rugged and the measurement period is considered, it is clear that it is not an efficient method. In this study, a more useful measurement method will be produced by using an UAV which is also a practical method to solve this problem. It is planned to measure some of the air pollutants such as CO2, CO, NO2, CH4, and some meteorological parameters such as temperature and pressure, using a modular UAV system to be designed in the study. Due to the advantages of the modular design system, a practical measurement can be carried out for different gases if required.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Manuela ROTARU, Luima MANUEL, Aurelian IOAN, Dan SÎRBU

The study was designed to investigate the effect of the two systems (aquaponic and hydroponic) on lettuce yield and quality. The experiment was conducted within the laboratory C01 Environmental Sciences, FIFIM. The two systems were monitored weekly through the following parameters: pH, CE, NH4, NO2, NO3, KH, PO4 using colorimetric kits named, JBL test. Regarding the growth and development of the lettuce, the length of the lettuce was measured every three days. In addition to measuring the growth of the leaves, the lettuce was also analyzed in the form of dry substance. As a result, it was proved that at pH values were generally between 6.5-8.4 pH and CE between 1.37-1.43 dS / m-1. For the aquaponic tank, the concentration of nitrates decreased from 240mg / l to 60mg / l and phosphates at 3.6 - 2.0 mg / l. This results in a good absorption of the roots of the lettuce plant. In comparison to the hydroponic system, where the concentration of nitrates and phosphates was higher. in the hydroponic system, the lettuce had an average growth of two cm every three days, and in the aquaponic system it had an average growth of three cm every three days.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Patricia DRAGOMIR

The monitoring of large areas by using satellite technique is very useful in the context of sustainable development and efficient and secure management. Satellite methods and techniques are increasingly used in studying and monitoring land and vegetation. There is very useful spectral information with great precision in characterizing large areas of land. This study is used for analyzing and determining how one of the most important parameters that could be obtained based on satellite images and the spectral frequency spectrum of the thermal surface in the thermal area, which is named the surface temperature of the ground. The studied area was Timisoara, and the LST parameter was determined using a specialized GIS software based on images from Landsat 8. Landsat 8 is an American Earth Observation Observatory launched on February 11, 2013 and an infrared thermal sensor TIRS) with two thermal bands. Starting from Landsat 8 satellite images and bands 10 and 11, the information spectrum describing the studied area was extracted and mathematical algorithms were processed, the LST parameter was determined to characterize the studied area. This study is also used to analyse how the soil surface temperature is determined based on Landsat 8 satellite imagery and a terrain surface response spectrum. To detect certain temperature categories of a surface or object, the radiation emitted by this electromagnetic spectrum is measured with thermal infrared.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Alin-Ionuţ POPA, Marius-Cornel NICOLAE

The paper aimed to present the evolution of ArcGIS from ArcGIS 10.3 to ArcGISPro. Similar to ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene and ArcGlobe, ArcGIS Pro is an application that belongs to ArcGIS for Desktop and is included in with the ArcGIS 10.3 for Desktop product. ArcGIS Pro by Esri improves the GIS experience by assisting ArcGIS for Desktop to perform faster and is used to create and analyze data in 2D and 3D. The brand new 64-bit desktop application is an essential upgrade for the ArcMap in developing and analyzing spatial data. Projects: ArcGIS Pro transforms all entries into projects, maintaining organized and standardized work. This project feature is comprised of a vast number of project templates catering for a wide variety of needs. Data visualization: ArcGIS Pro contains a rich library of maps and layer types. With its new 64-bit support system, multiples maps and layers can be viewed simultaneously. Even better, these maps and layers can be viewed in 2D and 3D.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Cristina-Elena MIHALACHE

Transmission line corridor clearance management plays a critically important role in power line risk management and is an important task of the routine power line inspection of the grid company. Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technology brought a new reformation for measurement technology, and the airborne LIDAR technology provides a new way for power line inspection. Compared with the traditional measurement system, airborne LIDAR measurement system has its unique technical advantages, which can directly obtain the power line corridor point cloud and get the high precision of 3D spatial information, then obtain the whole information of the 3D power lines corridor. This study proposes an extraction method of critical areas from power lines using LIDAR point cloud data. The corridor monitoring mainly includes the inspection of the overhanging trees in the corridor and the existence of the bird's nest and other routes, this study, introduce the working principle and application of LIDAR system in power line inspection. LIDAR system's advantage is that can accurately restore the 3D spatial information of line corridors, and then we can get along the more accurate and more comprehensive information of the line and route area.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Alexandru Cristian Nicolae MANOLACHE

Living organisms are known for their ability to adapt to environmental changes, to evolve to overcome the challenges these new environments they encounter, and microbes are no different. They have an outstanding ability to adapt to differences in environments, to different antimicrobial substances which are synthesised in order to counter them, or to quickly multiply to overcome their inevitable fate if they chose to not adapt. And that is extermination. Another factor that plays nicely with them is the chaotic usage of antibiotics, which leads to these microbes’ natural ability of developing an anti-antibiotic behaviour.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Sabina APĂVĂLOAEI, Georgiana Gabriela ILEA

In recent years noise pollution has begun to make its presence felt more and more through intense road traffic and its effects, thus requiring a much higher dose of attention to this issue. This research work was carried out in order to bring to the forefront the harmful effects of the phonic pollution of the biotic and abiotic factors, the methods of improvement of the registered parameters and their evolution in the last years.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Lorena MITRICĂ

The paper aims at mapping the surface for the purpose of implementing the GIS project for the Regina Maria Park, located in Bran, Brasov County, and the presentation of the refurbishment solutions. This paper provides the topographic documentation necessary for the design and the realization of the GIS complex project. In order to achieve this goal, several objectives and stages were followed. For obtaining all the measurement there was used the closedloop roadside method combined with the radiation method. Additionally, there were made measurements on the field through which all the topographic details existing in the study area were radiated for the purpose of obtaining the topographic plan by which the existing situation in the field was redeemed. The necessary data for the GIS project were also collected from the field. The data obtained from the measurements that took place on the field was processed using specialized software and compensated through different methods. Using these final data all the necessary drawn pieces for completing the paper were obtained. Through the specialized programs, the complex database for the GIS project was created. Achieving these objectives aims at realizing and presenting the solutions for the refurbishment of the Regina Maria – Bran park.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Claudia TIMIŞ, Lucian Vasile POPP

The assessment of agricultural land is an essential prerequisite for land organisation and use. Our goal is to create a bonitation map for the area subject to this study; natural bonitation is a quantitative measurement of the conditions which favour plant growth. The focal point of this evaluation is the land located in two villages from Fărcașa Township, Maramureș County, Romania. Forests, pastures and hay fields are already categorised as Class VI. Using the .tiff image of the area under study as starting point, we will create a geographic information system whereby, at the end, following an analysis of the space involving inquiries and joining, the plots of land can be assessed and categorised within a certain suitability class for field crops. The environmental conditions to be considered for this classification are related to geography, climate, hydrography and the physical and chemical features of the soil. This study also covers an assessment of the degree of base saturation and pH of the soil. Moreover, we will select the most suitable plot of land for field crops, based on the parameters used in this study, which were measured based on the samples taken from each land plot. The outcome will be presented as a map used for the evaluation of agricultural land.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Andrada Madalina-Maria STOICONI, Anamaria NEDA

The main purpose of this research is to study the dynamics of an agricultural parcel based on spectral information obtained from Rapid Eye satellite images between May to September 2016. The dynamics of vegetation was differently expressed by the NDVI, SAVI and MSAVI2 indices determined based on spectral information. Starting from the Rapid Eye satellite imagessomespectral information characterizing the studied areas were extracted, based on spectral bands. R, G, B, Red Edge, NIR. Three vegetation indices (NDVI, SAVI and MSAVI2) have been computed and interpreted.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Constantin-Claudiu ANDRONESCU, Andan CHERIM

The paper aimed the rapid development of computer technology over the past decades which allows cartographers to manipulate large sets of high resolution data more or less easily. To generate 3D maps, there are a large number of input indices that influence the map creation process. There are a wide variety of graphical aspects for 3D map authors. In the framework of 3D map generation process, we can distinguish different graphic groups. The graphical aspects of modeling define the basic and semantic object structures in the database, and the graphic aspects of symbolism indicate the appearance of objects in form, color, style and other visual features. Finally, the graphical layout of the layout arranges all settings for the final scene view with the 3D map on different output media.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Mihai-Daniel ŢENŢU, Theodora NICOLAE

We have done this project to present the current and historical situation of a cadastral system in several countries on the European continent. The countries we have chosen to include in the work are countries from the former communist bloc and countries of Western Europe. In the paper I approached the location of the respective countries by placing them on the continent through important geographic elements and neighbours. The period of communist regime domination in the analyzed countries, but also the development of the Western countries on a cadastral plan during the same period was another objective. Another point of interest was the state of completion of the cadastre in these countries, as well as agencies that have under their control cadastre in each country. The result of this paper led to the comparison of the cadastre system in Romania, a post-communist country, with the cadastral situation and history in other European countries, both communist and Western.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Elena MARICA

The purpose of this paper is to identify with the help of the Geographic Information System the surfaces covered with asbestos plates in the city of Alba IuliaConsidering the relatively large areas covered with asbestos-containing materials, we assessed the impact on the environmental factors water, air, soil and population.The results confirm that the population of Alba Iulia is predisposed to lung cancer, asbestosis, mesotheliomaits pastures and meadows, the important number of cow stock and possibilities to produce ecological milk.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Simona-Mihaela IORGULESCU

The Moon has played an important role throughout the development of human civilization. It is the only permanent natural satellite of Earth and the closest astronomical object in the universe. Between the years of 1969 and 1971 the American and Soviet space programs left a total of five retroreflectors on the lunar surface. Astronomers have been able to use powerful lasers and telescopes to perform highly accurate measurements of the distance to these artifacts. The data that have been collected have led to significant improvements in the understanding of some aspects regarding the Earth-Moon system. Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) has influenced astronomy, lunar science, gravitational physics, geodesy, geodynamics and numerous other fields. The purpose of this research is to state the historical development of Lunar Laser Ranging, what is involved in this process, the scientific accomplishments and the importance of this experiment for future explorations.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Raluca PENU , Andrei Valentin HOLBAN , Victor Andrei GERGELY VARGA , Simona SPÎNU , Ionuţ MORARU

All over the world, especially in countries with a very strong tradition in cultivating medicinal plants, production of bio-products based on natural compounds leads to the transformation of plants in large quantities of waste, mostly unexploited. The majority of the wastes are underutilized and may cause severe environmental problems if not properly handled. Lack of cheap technological solutions for biochemical and organic remediation that could achieve gradual adaptation to environmental standards of generating pollution entities and macro-entities is the main obstacle that hampers implementation of European environmental directives. Valorization of these compounds from plants waste not only reduces environmental concerns but also improves sustainability and economic competitiveness of agro-food industries. The present paper represents a short review of the possible ways of valorization of plants waste such as lavender, mint and sage into value - added by – products.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Andreea Luminiţa DEDULESCU, Valentina Mihaela BULIBAŞA

Mapping has had an essential role in history, bycapturing and transmitting models and visions of nature and social relationships. The emergence of the first maps was related to the need for orientation of the first humans and the need to delimit hunting and cultivated areas. The first aerial photographacquired from a balloon above Paris, brought a great evolution of the knowledge of the territory. We now have various images captured by a multitude of satellites, providing valuable Earth observation information. This study focuses on the Sighisoara area in order to create a geodatabase, containing maps and pictures from 1918 to the present. We used Sentinel 1, Sentinel 2 imagesfrom Copernicus Open Access Hub platform, and Landsat 8 images from Earth Explorer platform, free of charge. Image processing is made with SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) software available for free;for Sentinel 1 images we applied a noise reduction filter, a geometric correction (geocoding based on a digital elevation model) and then cropping of the image. The Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 optical images were used to create natural color image red-green-blue combinations of spectral bands, which were initially resampled and cropped. All the products obtained have been integrated into a geodatabase using the QGISprogram, also available for free, all data being kept for future use.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Ionuţ Cosmin GHEORGHESCU, Florin Cristian BÂRLIBA

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the means of promoting agriculture in Europe and one of the oldest EU policies. It was created in 1962 and reformed successively in 1992, 2003 and 2013. The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development is a financing instrument for the Common Agricultural Policy, which funds the National Rural Development Program, supporting the strategic development of rural areas in Romania. The National Rural Development Program 2014 - 2020 is the program that gives grants from the European Union and the Government of Romania for the development of rural areas in Romania. The main rural development priorities for the 2014-2020 financial programming period are: • modernizing and increasing the viability of agricultural holdings by strengthening them, opening up and processing agricultural products; • encouraging rejuvenation of farmers' generations by supporting the setting up of young farmers; • the development of basic rural infrastructure as a prerequisite for attracting investment in rural areas and creating new jobs and implicitly for the development of rural areas.• Encourage the diversification of the rural economy by promoting the creation and development of SMEs in nonagricultural sectors in rural areas; • promotion of the fruit sector, as a sector with specific needs, through dedicated subprograms; • Encourage local development under the responsibility of the community through the LEADER approach. LEADER cross-cutting competence improves competitiveness, quality of life and diversification of the rural economy, and combating poverty and social exclusion. The European funds provided to Romania for agriculture, which can be obtained through the Agency for Rural Investment Financing, contribute to rural development. They help farmers set up new farms or develop the existing ones, representing a very important benefit because the grants are non-refundable.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Florina MANCIU, Alexandru Cristian BIHOLAR , Florin Cristian BARLIBA

The paper aimed to present a GIS map with photos, text or links to the objectives of the BUASVM Timisoara campus stored in the Story Maps web application. This map can be viewed in real-time on a desktop, tablet, and even on a mobile smartphone by anyone.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Andrea MEZEI

The main purpose of the study is to effectuate a complete GIS analysis to design a fun park located within the Bucegi Natural Park. The objectives that achieve this goal are given by the complex study of the area of interest and include: topographic measurements that take into account the surface proposed for the planning and topographical measurements on the torrential hydrographic network for realizing the natural flood risk maps. The study will include the way of realizing the support network based on which was made the land measurement, both planimetric and altimetric for the elaboration of the topographic plan and the three-dimensional model of the terrain. The closed-loop method on the starting point was used, combined with the radius method. The study of the torrential hydrographic network of the area of interest envisages the elaboration of some calculations based on topographicalmeasurements made on the river valley, and its elements. This will result in the situation of the network in case of natural disasters and the management of the risk situations by estimating and quantifying the possible damages. All the steps listed above are based on the preparation of the GIS surface analysis project, which in turn will represent the basics of designing a fun park.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Anca BARCU

There are all kinds of residues, from either plant processing or harvesting and although some of them can be integrated into the soil in order to enrich its nutritious content for further crops, there are a large number of uses for the seemingly unimportant parts left. From fodder to water filtering systems, plant residues have a variety of uses, some more surprising than others, and they contribute to the sustainability of crops and ecosystems to a larger extent than commonly known.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Florin Cristian BÂRLIBA, Ionuţ Cosmin GHEORGHESCU, Florina MANCIU

This paper presents a digitized map of the city of Timisoara based on the exposure of the main locations by adding them to the map with a geographical position (latitude, longitude), a name and a symbol that differentiates them from each other. In addition to the attributes listed above, each point of interest also includes a description that helps platform users find out more. Spatial analysis is the process of examining, modelling and interpreting the results. After spatial analyses, information about a set of geographic data can be extracted or created. Spatial data processing is performed on the basis of algorithms using the special operations of these data categories. In GIS there are four main types of spatial analysis: spatial overlay and continuity analysis, linear analysis and raster analysis. With this spatial analysis feature, GIS software is different from CAD software. Thus, the interactive map created through the ArcGIS Online program is very useful for the city of Timisoara both for residents and tourists, especially as Timisoara was designated the European Capital of Culture in 2021.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Ionuţ Cosmin GHEORGHESCU, Florin Cristian BÂRLIBA

The permanent meadows in our country have a spread of about 4.9 million hectares, Romania occupying the fifth place in Europe after France, Great Britain, Spain and Germany. The meadows in our country, which represent 33% of the agricultural area, constitute a part of the national wealth, which is of major importance for the size of the foraging resources and their quality, as well as for the other functions having a beneficial effect on the protection and the beauty of the environment. Meadows are an essential element of sustainable farming systems, whichmeet the demands of healthy and high-quality food. In addition to the decisive role of providingfeed foranimal feed, meadows have an important role in rural development and the reflected environment through: conservation of biodiversity, improvement of soil fertility, symbiotic fixation nitrogen, hydrological balance, prevention of floods and landslides, carbon sequestration, landscape quality and important cultural heritage. Sustainable development is a complex process that runs through and below human intervention, aimed at the development of society, its materialization being based on the fact that the sustainable development of the whole is ensured by the sustainable development of to each part of human activity. Management of the meadow belonging to a locality is the way in which the management of a meadow is ensured, and the organization and exploitation of the permanent meadows (according to Government Emergency Ordinance – OUG No. 34/2013), respectively ( O.U.G. no. 34/2013). The guidelines for optimal management of different types of pastures are also dependent on the specific objectives and their main points are: timing and cutting technique, number of grazing animal feed per hectare in different types of meadows, chemical impurities depending on the type of soil , the presence of weeds or invasive species.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Özgür ZEYDAN, Kübra SEVER, Elif Sena AN

Water is a vital compound to sustain our lives. On the other hand, it is a scarce resource. The consumption of water has increased over recent decades. Therefore, sustainable water consumption becomes a key concern. Turkey is a water deficit country and prevention of excessive water usage is quite important. In this study, we focused on the water consumption prevention methods in Bülent Ecevit University. Three years water consumption values have been analysed in Faculty of Engineering. The effect of installing “Pedal Controlled Lavatory Faucets” on water saving were investigated. This water saving equipment was in use between May 2016 and September 2017. Water consumption valueswere calculates as 2.61, 3.47 and 2.01 m3/capita/year for 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively. Results showed that Pedal Controlled Lavatory Faucets decreased the amount of water used in the faculty buildings.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Silvia IVAN, Larisa NEAGU

This article is an overview of the impact of drones in precision agriculture based on information from studies made on this topic. The research includes the improvements drones has made in the agriculture, by making the work more efficent and easing it at the same time. Another thing about using drones is that the financial part is getting better, without losing the quality of the work.The subject of this research is in a continuous growth, more and more farmers are using it nowdays.As a conclusion, precision farming is getting better due to technology, with the number and quality of production increasing.

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  1. THE USE OF TOPO-GEODESIC METHODS AND GIS MEANS FOR THE REALISATION OF THE GREEN CADASTRE FOR THE CITY OF TARGU SECUIESC
  2. CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF MEADOWS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF A PASTORAL SETTLEMENT
  3. STUDY ON THE RECYCLING OF ZN-C AND ALKALINE BATTERIES AND THE REUSE OF MICROELEMENTS IN AGRICULTURE
  4. COMPARATIVE TOPO-GEODETIC STUDIES OF SOME POINTS PLACED IN THE UASVM CLUJ-NAPOCA CAMPUS USING A TOTAL STATION AND GPS RECEIVERS

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