ISSN 2344 – 1283, ISSN CD-ROM 2344 – 1291, ISSN ONLINE 2344 – 1305, ISSN-L 2344 – 1283
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Olguţa MORARIU, Florina BURESCU

Remote sensing is of great interest for the study and characterization of the vegetation and of the agricultural crops, in order to monitor them and to develop predictable patterns regarding the evolution of the crops and also for the purpose of the decision making process in real time. This paper aims to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis between the supervised and unsupervised methods of classification of satellite imagery. In this context, a Rapid Eye satellite image was used at a 5m resolution taken from the www.planet.com platform from May 2016, which underwent complex preprocessing and processing operations to retrieve useful information about to the vegetal cover. The studied area is within the Experimental Didactic Station of BUSAMV Timisoara. Supervised classification was based on the Maximum Likelihood algorithm and the unsupervised was based on the ISO DATA algorithm. The Rapid Eye scene was process with ArcGIS v. 10.5 software.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Anamaria NEDA, Andrada Madalina-Maria STOICONI

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of carrying out the systematic cadastre on the territory of Romania and to present the steps that need to be taken in order to be able to register systematically. Systematic cadastral work is the identification, measurement, description and registration of buildings in technical documents, their representation on cadastral plans and the storage of data on computer media, identification of proprietor, owners and other owners of real estate in order to register in the land register and identify the owners, the holder and other owners of buildings, for registration in the Land Book. The cadastre determines the position of the building boundaries based on measurements. The beginning of the systematic registration works shall be established by order of the ANCPI General Director, published in the Official Gazette of Romania, Part I.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Sergiu-Bogdan POP, Andreea-Luciana SASCA, Iulia-Alina MÂNZAT

The present paper was intended to carry out a study on precision obtained by classical measurements and satellite measurements. In this regard, the total station LEICA TCR805 and the TRIMBLE R10 GPS receiver were used. The instrumental observations were made in a leveling network, which had as its known elements the coordinates of a point and orientation, located in the premises of the UASVM Cluj-Napoca. In the case of classical measurements, we did not have control elements on the polygonal route taken into study, but measurements and calculations on the same route at another date were performed to verify the positioning accuracy of the points. The positioning of the polygon route was also achieved by the Rompos-RTK method. By comparing the coordinates obtained by the two methods we obtained the maximum differences on X = -0.076 m, on Y = 0.029 m and the linear deviation mt = 0.117.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Viviana POPA

The aim of this paper is to highlight the facilities that geographic information systems make available to users for the inventory and management of green spaces. The Beginning of this study was pointed by the topographical measurements being done across the city of Targu Secuiesc targeting all the green areas of the city (trees, shrubs, hedges, parks, squares, street alignments, green spaces within public institutions, green spaces between condominium areas, playgrounds, monuments, statues and so on.). After obtaining the topographic data, they were processed and compensated by various methods in order to obtain the basic map. The basic map once obtained was entered into a GIS application through which data was gathered from the field.There were taken informations from the field about trees, shrubs and hedges such as species, diameter, viability, coronation, height, protection, but also the use of the areas within each zone: roads, green areas, floral arrangements, buildings, parking lots. These data were entered into the GIS application where the corresponding database was created. The areas on the map were encoded according to the use and the attributes of each zone were added, such as: name, postal number, address, area. The final result is a GIS database in the form of an interactive map that contains all the information required for an evidence of green spaces and beyond, which also highlights the current situation of green fields in the city of Tg. Secuiesc. Finally, a series of GIS analyzes have been made to highlight both the characteristics of green spaces in this city (size, distribution, status, distribution per inhabitant etc.), parking lots and the potential of GIS to clarify organizational, management and administration problems.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Andrada Madalina-Maria STOICONI, Anamaria NEDA

The main purpose of this research is to study the dynamics of an agricultural parcel based on spectral information obtained from Rapid Eye satellite images between May to September 2016. The dynamics of vegetation was differently expressed by the NDVI, SAVI and MSAVI2 indices determined based on spectral information. Starting from the Rapid Eye satellite imagessomespectral information characterizing the studied areas were extracted, based on spectral bands. R, G, B, Red Edge, NIR. Three vegetation indices (NDVI, SAVI and MSAVI2) have been computed and interpreted.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Claudia TIMIŞ, Lucian Vasile POPP

The assessment of agricultural land is an essential prerequisite for land organisation and use. Our goal is to create a bonitation map for the area subject to this study; natural bonitation is a quantitative measurement of the conditions which favour plant growth. The focal point of this evaluation is the land located in two villages from Fărcașa Township, Maramureș County, Romania. Forests, pastures and hay fields are already categorised as Class VI. Using the .tiff image of the area under study as starting point, we will create a geographic information system whereby, at the end, following an analysis of the space involving inquiries and joining, the plots of land can be assessed and categorised within a certain suitability class for field crops. The environmental conditions to be considered for this classification are related to geography, climate, hydrography and the physical and chemical features of the soil. This study also covers an assessment of the degree of base saturation and pH of the soil. Moreover, we will select the most suitable plot of land for field crops, based on the parameters used in this study, which were measured based on the samples taken from each land plot. The outcome will be presented as a map used for the evaluation of agricultural land.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Mihai-Daniel ŢENŢU, Theodora NICOLAE

We have done this project to present the current and historical situation of a cadastral system in several countries on the European continent. The countries we have chosen to include in the work are countries from the former communist bloc and countries of Western Europe. In the paper I approached the location of the respective countries by placing them on the continent through important geographic elements and neighbours. The period of communist regime domination in the analyzed countries, but also the development of the Western countries on a cadastral plan during the same period was another objective. Another point of interest was the state of completion of the cadastre in these countries, as well as agencies that have under their control cadastre in each country. The result of this paper led to the comparison of the cadastre system in Romania, a post-communist country, with the cadastral situation and history in other European countries, both communist and Western.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Ciprian VATASESCU

Bucharest is Romania’s capital,and in the north of this town from Romania it is a place located in Baneasa and on this surface it is intended to be built a construction having offices and administrative offices destination. Ensable wich make the object of study consists of two buildings and I decide that the cooling beams are a very good solution for air conditioning because they perform two functions : heating and cooling. These cooling beams are two types : active beam and passive beam.Both of them are very useful,but the difference between them is this one : For passive chilled beams, the heat transfer is done by radiation and convection, while in case of active chilled beams, heat transfer is enhanced because of recirculated air that is driven within the phenomenon of induction by introducing fresh air via a heat exchanger.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Luciana-Marilena VRANCUTA, Gabriela VASILE

The aim of this study was to determine the content of heavy metal from different profile of soil from the industrial platform situated in the southern part of Bucharest, in order to identify the risk of contamination with his chemical element in this area. Samples (0-0.05 and 0.20-0.025 m depth) were taken directly from four points situated in the proximity of some of the Bucharestrepresentative industrial centres with anonferrousactivity (manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferrous-alloys; manufacture of basic precious and other non-ferrous metals), as required by law.All analyses were performed in the Pollution Control Department, Water, Soil, Wastes Pollution Control Laboratory from National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, Bucharest, Romania, in accreditation system according to (SR EN ISO 17025/2005) referential standard. The results display that there is a constant risk of contamination with the following heavy metals: Nickel (all four locations) and Lead, Copper, Chromium (total) and Zinc (in at least three locations).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Özgür ZEYDAN, Furkan ÇELEBİ, Betül AYDIN

Solid Waste Management (SWM) has becoming a great problem for urban areas. Although directly transferring waste to landfill are is the cheapest solution, it is difficult to manage landfills due to some environmental problems. Therefore, reduction of solid wastes by means of recycling is needed. Benefits of recycling include recovery of valuable materials and volume reduction in landfill. Zonguldak Municipal and Medical Landfill Site have been operating since 2008. This facility also contains packaging wastes collection and separation plant. Nevertheless, recycling has not been started in Zonguldak city centre, except Bülent Ecevit University Farabi Campus. In this study, we investigated the cost of waste recycling in Zonguldak city centre. Total recyclable waste amount is calculated as 16876 kg/day. We found that 247 containers are required to temporarily store recyclable waste. Total cost of waste containers is 176605 TL (46844.8 €). Yearly recyclable waste transportation cost is 273567.5 TL, which is equal to 72564.3 €. The costs of new recycling waste containers require new investment; however, transportation cost is not a new expense. We only separated the transportation cost of recycled material from transportation of total wastes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Özgür ZEYDAN, Beste Nur KARAKAYA

Turkey, as a European Union (EU) candidate country, is harmonising the air quality limits to meet EU standards. For this reason, PM10 limit value is being reducing in yearly intervals till 2019 when daily PM10 limit value of 50 µg/m3 will be met.On the other hand, as the limit value decreases, the air quality of Turkish cities are being considered as polluted. The aim of this paper is to present the PM10 exceedance events in Turkey between 2014 and 2016. The daily measured PM10 concentrations were obtained from National Air Quality Monitoring Network of Turkey. We calculated the number of exceedance events. Then, we created thematic maps to evaluate the PM10 exceedances both spatial and temporal. There is an increasing trend in total number of cities where the PM10 threshold is exceeded. Moreover, there exist a decreasing trend in the number of cities in which no PM10 exceedance events occurred.It would be difficult for Turkey to meet EU PM10 standards in 2019 unless certain precautions are applied. At the end of the paper, there are some suggestions to reduce PM10 emissions and to meet threshold value.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Özgür ZEYDAN, Burçin SUNAR, Zümrüt DANIR

Climate Change is the most important and the most complex environmental problem. There are two ways to deal with climate change: mitigation of Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and adaptation to new climatic conditions. To achieve mitigation goals, accurate quantification of GHG is required. For this reason, GHG emission inventories are prepared. In order to calculate all GHG emissions in the same unit (carbon dioxide equal) Global Warming Potential (GWP) is used. Adapting to new climatic conditions is more difficult. It must be known that, which sectors will be affected from climate change. Vulnerabilities of sectors are important in climate change adaptation. In this article, we firstly gave information about GWP. Then, GHG emission inventories of European Union member states and Turkey are represented and evaluated for the years 1990 and 2014. Finally, climate change vulnerabilities of certain European Union countries and Turkey are discussed. We mainly focused on the vulnerabilities of agriculture, forestry, water resources and human health sectors as a result of temperature and precipitation changes under the influence of man-made climate change.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Alexandru SÎNTU-LĂSAT, Vlad-Ștefan ALEXANDRU

From the studies and research carried out in this study, we present a model for a sustainable development of the Beldiu village, Teiuş city, Alba county. In the first part of the research, we present the development of the agriculture, respectively the pedological studies to date, the cultures and also the development of the irrigation system. In the second part of the research, we will present a model of strategy of the improvement of watercourse Mures. Through studies done in the area we want to attract investors for the development of small agricultural or non-agricultural businesses which will result in a certain economic development in the area. Through these methods we also want the agro-tourism development, such as the creation of places to relax, farm fishery, etc. The conclusion of these studies is to develop sustainable development projects for both communes and villages that are in the meadow, thus the development of Romania.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Daniel-Mihai TOMULESCU

The beneficiary of the investment has requested evaluation of technical and economic documentation for the multifunctional building construction in Baraganu village, Braila County, assessed in compliance with the technical requirements and standards in force. The construction is thus conceived as to cover minimum capacities and surfaces to create certain adaptable spaces for future intended use. The multifunctional building is constructed to be rented in order to re-establish services that are not provided or are insufficient, for the increase people’s standard of living, the social and professional development of the commune, where preferably complementary activities should be conducted, but also the possibility of independent operation taking into consideration the organization criteria on the area of activity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Lucian HIRJOABA

The aim of this paperwas to evaluate the quality of water povided from the municipal wastewater treatment plantof Tecuci town. In order to perform this objective, we collected the water semples and analysed them into the Faculty lab. We tested the physicaly and chemicaly characteristics of wastewater and compared theobtained values with the limits values for disposal of wastewater registeredin national Normative (NTPA 001).We found that water samples are in compliace with technical normative; the wastewater is properly treated and it can be discharged into the emissary.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Daniel AVRAM, Carmen PREOŢESCU, Gigel CALDAREA,
Iulian BRATOSIN, Raluca KIVU

This study was conducted in order to assess the usefulness and accuracy of dams deformations. Comparisons of observed movements during consecutive years show the stability of the dams. The observations are done trough levelling, a procedure that delivers altimetry data. Levelling is conducted trough points, marks and brands, of known coordinates, both in altimetric and planimetric systems. Measurements were conducted in two consecutive years. The results will be processed using Gauss Markov model. The data analysis will be done using statistical tests. The multitude of phenomena affecting dams lead to movements and deformations that must be under permanent monitoring. Land surveyors have the tools and knowledge for such performance monitoring

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Alexandru BĂLAN

This study puts forward two and a half centuries of development and changing projection systems used in Romania. It will be chronologically exposed a brief history of those, from Cassini’s cylindrical projection (1873) to the system currently used (stereographic projection 1970). The purpose of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis to understand how they work, but also to see whether the current system used in the country is one ideal or can be improved. In this respect, there are considering factors such as the reference ellipsoid, axes, preservation / deflection of angles / distances or point of origin of the system.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Ionela-Claudia BIRLEA, Catalina-Georgiana LEAHU,
Loredana MARCU, Odet OLTEAN

In this paper we wish to address the particularities of expropriation for highways that provide the legal basis by which an estate passes from private property to state ownership in the public interest needs, none the less compensation being paid. The legal basis was Law no. 255/2010, the Director General Order nr.700 / 2014. To achieve highways will perform a high volume of work by meeting various individual cases to be approved under the law.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Mihnea CĂŢEANU

Remote sensing enables the recording of accurate geomorphological data with the capability to efficiently cover large areas. However, the presence of vegetation makes the use of remote methods for terrain mapping difficult. LiDAR can be a solution for forestry projects, as the laser pulses can cross the entire forest canopy and reach the soil underneath. LiDAR data is stored as 3D point clouds containing the pulse returns from the ground or various objects above it (such as power lines, buildings or vegetation). In order to interpolate an accurate Digital Terrain Model (DTM), the points coresponding to the ground returns have to be extracted from the initial point cloud. This process is called ground-filtering or simply filtering. This paper aims to provide a performance analysis of multiple algorithms for LiDAR data classification. Algorithm performance is reviewed for the case of mountainous terrain, characterised by moderate and steep slopes and forest vegetation of a generally high consistency. Our findings suggest that the Lasground-new algorithm implemented in the Lastools software package provides the most accurate results, with a Root Mean Square Error of elevation values for the study site of 0.34 metres (with over 80 percent of the area having an elevation error of less than 0.20 metres) and an average RMSE for the field plots of 0.66 metres. Free algorithms such as Maximum Local Slope or gLidar provide relatively similar results in terms of RMSE. taking into account the difficult test conditions (topographically complex surface with dense canopy cover) we consider LiDAR data to be a possible solution for collecting geomorphological data for forestry applications, as long as a sampling of elevation at finer scales is not required.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Constantin Răzvan CREŢESCU

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an attractive data acquisition platform in photogrammetric applications. As we know, the fundamental photogrammetric and remote sensing problem is the determination with high accuracy of the attitude, the position and the intrinsic geometric characteristics of the sensor. At the beginning, the aerial photogrammetric systems had a fairly low accuracy position, but today’s, the new aerial photogrammetric systems allow the real-time determination of all parameters of exterior orientation with a good enough accuracy. Because of this, the advantage is that we can achieve direct georeferencing without needing to determine the coordinates of ground's control points, before or after the photogrammetric flight. In this paper I present some practical results of so called direct georeferencing of digital images, using of direct measurements of the image’s exterior orientation parameters by a GNSS/IMU system. This application is achieved by the aid of the collinearity concept, and just for a good accuracy estimation of the method, I have used few ground control points.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Raluca-Gabriela KIVU

This paper shows the effects of electromagnetic waves on humans and other living organisms, waves that are being transmitted by instruments or machines which give off electromagnetic radiations during function, especially GSM relays. It contains general information about areas that are strongly radiated like the ones that are near GSM relays, more accurately, information about the Odobesti relay; it also presents summaries and conclusions as a result of passing along surveys in the nearby area of this relay, but also in areas in which it does not exist such a relay, and also interviews with beekeepers.The purpose of this paper is to highlight the daily impact that electromagnetic waves has on humans and other living organisms, in order to determine the disadvantages of placing these relays in populated areas..

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Raluca Gabriela KIVU, Carmen Mihaela PREOTESCU,
Bogdan GHERED

Hydro tehnical structures are part of the strategic structures of great importance in terms of environmental protection, due both to their environmental impact and potential environmental hazards. The reason for their importance policy is twofold: on the one hand, water resources controlled by these structures are of vital importance for sustainable regional development (water supply for the population, agriculture, power generation, etc.), and on the other hand hydro tehnical structures presents one of the greatest dangers given the energy potential of their destruction (dams, dikes) or potential hazards (ponds, wastewater). The paper shows the importance of monitoring the behaviour of hydro tehnical structures and to establish the vertical displacements towards the base and previous slice of instalment. As a case study we chose the concrete dam from Herculane

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Michele LA RUNA

This paper aims to present some aspects regarding the cadastral work in Italy. Cassini-Soldner is a afilactic projection, from the deformation point of view, that is arbitrary, usually from arbitrary was passed to equidistant (preserves the distances on a direction). The Soldner method was designed in 1809 in Germany. It uses as orientation ellipsoid the Bessel ellipsoid (1841). In terms of surface projection is a transverse cylindrical, the cylinder's axis is perpendicular to the pole’s axis and the cylinder’s tangent is at the origin meridian. The origin of the system is on the equator, the X axis is oriented on the north and the Y axis is oriented on the east. Unlike Cassini-Soldner projection, the Gauss-Kruger projection is a conform projection from the point of view of deformations (preserves the angles).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Maria-Olivia MOLDOVAN, Maxim COROCHII, Iulia-Diana GLIGA

The temperature is one of the most important climatic factors when it comes to land reclamation. The aim of this paper is modelling the average annual temperature for the year 2015 in Romania, in order to have information regarding the recorded values within the perimeter of the Horticultural Research Station, Cluj-Napoca. For the study area, a complex database will be created using spatial analysis specific factors. Spatial distribution of air temperatures is influenced by altitude, respectively there is a dependency between these two factors: air temperature decreases as the altitude increases. Thus, utilizing the data from the meteorological stations, the analysis aims to realize with the help of G.I.S. (Geographic Information Systems) techniques a map containing the average annual temperature for the year 2015 within the study area. The results obtained by this study indicate a temperature between 9.9 and 10.7oC.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Giulia-Laura PANTEA, Anca-Simona LACUSTEANU

In January 2017, extremely low temperatures caused the freezing of the Danube Delta, leading to the complete isolation of some villages for a couple of weeks. The area was monitored from space, based on images acquired by Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, two satellite missions launched in the frame of the European Programme Copernicus. Sentinel-1 is equipped with a C-band synthetic aperture radar, while Sentinel-2 has a multi-spectral optical sensor acquiring data in 13 spectral bands. The spatial resolution of the GRD (Ground Range Detected) Sentinel-1 products used in this study is 10 meters, while the spatial resolution of the MSI (Multi-Spectral Instrument) Sentinel-2 products is 10 m, 20 m and 60 m, depending on the spectral band (B2, B3, B4, B8 – highest resolution, B5, B6, B7, B8a, B11, B12 – medium resolution and B1, B9, B10 – lowest resolution). The Sentinel-1/2 satellites collect complementary information that can be used for the frequent monitoring of vast areas, given the fact that each mission is composed of a pair of satellites (Sentinel-1A/B and Sentinel-2A/B). Sentinel-2B was launched on the 7th of March 2017 and it is currently in the commissioning phase. The present study aims at promoting the usefulness and adequacy of satellite data for monitoring the situation on the ground, especially when the area is not accessible by other means.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Carmen-Mihaela PREOŢESCU, Adrian-Mihai NEDEA

This appropriation is intended for the students of knowledge photogrammetric-related basic analog and digital: focal length,the inner and outer orientation ofphotogram, coordinate systems used in photogrammetry, useofspecializedprograms for processing.They are used in particular specialty programs, like VeCad, AgiSoft,PhotoScan and Pix4D, to bring out the advantages of using photogrammetric techniques "low-cost" digital as innovative practices in the process of education,with special effects in the fields of architectural and historical heritage. Digital stereoscopic measuring systems follow analytical stereoplotters well known as the more expensive systems. Many plottings are still done on analytical stereoplotters for metric documentation but as the performance and handle of digital systems increase and allow mass restitution. As textures are more and more required for 3D models, digital photographs and systems are getting more and more importance.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Delia TOMESC, Cristina GANEA

The present paper brings forward proposals and trends in implementation of a dedicated geoportal for the management of heritage objects to complete the existing urban GIS primarily aiming to contribute to fostering the urban planning and the sustainability of the “European capital of culture” project. The need of this geoportal arises from the fact that Timişoara has the widest architectural heritage area in the country, of important value to both Romania and Europe. The preservation of this cultural heritage is a duty for the authorities and also for the owners.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Alexandra TRIF, Alexandru BOAŞCĂ

Increasingly often we hear the terms “precision agriculture” and “modern monitoring tools”. Thus, we wish to bring to the fore the drone, as an agricultural tool which can be used to take pictures of crops and to help determine the degree of destruction of rapeseed cultures during the end of winter and in the beginning of spring. To achieve this, we want to determine what is the optimal flight altitude of a drone for taking pictures of the ground and of the rapeseed cultures. The pictures from the drone are processed with modern methods of pixel classification, in order to obtain the most accurate percentage of vegetation. We will use GIS instruments, GPS measuring tools, custom Python scripts for pixel classification and the LeoWorks software.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Nicolae-Marius VASILESCU, Alexandru-Nicolae LUPU

The methods, the techniques and the advanced instruments used in engineering field and the land surveying made possible the applicability in many engineering fields. It provides the ability to save time and resources while due to the precision offered by the instruments and the working methods can achieve sustainability studies, extent and hostile land for construction industry; the size of the construction components, precision topographic works to designing and building the edifice, the nature and volume of oscillation of level earth, the nature of the materials used, methods of execution deadlines for putting into use, etc. Application of topography can not be a passively act, but an active one, both in design and the execution of engineering objectives.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Anca BARCU

Global warming has been a controversial factor with polarizing supporters for many years. Initially, claims were made that global warming was a myth, given the relative short span of observed climate, but nowadays more and more scientists believe that global warming is a fact and this paper aims to prove that. From shrinking ice in Antarctica, acidification of oceans or CO2 emissions effects to temperature graphs, there is ample evidence that there are snowballing effects that will impact Earth mid to long term. More than 97% of climate experts agree that anthropogenic actions are determining a steady increase in global temperatures, with compounding effects on the environment.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Maxim COROCHII

The degradation phenomena of river bank after afforestation still persists. The tree stands were established in 1998, and 1999. The method used for river bank stability was to establish tree stands mixed with unplanted stripes. The aim of research is to determine the water holding capacity of soil, due to the related events regarding water in soil. The phenomena of water moving through hydrophilic porous materials are conditional for land properties. Due to the aspect of mixed afforestation method, it was observed a difference opposite with expectations: water hold capacity should be very good (higher than 50% of dry soil weight) in tree stands. The mean of water holding capacity, determined in laboratory conditions, for soil located at the edge of tree stand is 19.47% of dry soil weight, and for soil located in the unplanted stripe is 30.53% of dry soil weight.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Andreea - Simona CURIAC, Andrei PETRE, Andreia-Gabriela STOICA, Stefan-Adrian SANDU

In daily life, expanded polystyrene foams (EPS) are widely used as packaging material, construction material, and in household appliances as well as many others. On the other hand, waste EPS has caused lots of environmental pollutions because it cannot be decomposed by the natural processes.With law 211/2011, to add in 2016 romanian entrepreneurs in construction sector had to find a friendly solution with the environment for recycling EPS. This article aims to present one of these Styrofoam organically recycling and also to prepare and use in the laboratory an adhesive from expandable polystyrene waste.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Alin DANCA

The aim of this paper was to assess the heavy metals contents of carrots and apples provided from Romanian markets and supermarkets. Arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc were the heavy metals selected to be analyzed. The amount of heavy metals was determined by using the ICP-MS method (mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. The data showed that metal concentrations are in accordance with concentrations required by low for fresh vegetables and fruits, with the exceptions of zinc content in apple samples.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Halil Burak ERTÜRK, Nizamettin ÖZDOĞAN

In recent years, urbanization, industrialization, population, domestic and industrial productions are increasing. However, organic and inorganic wastes are released into the ecosystem. Mining, urban or industrial solid, gas and liquid waste, pesticide and artificial fertilizer use, paint industry and car exhaust gases cause excessive release of heavy metals in nature. Some activities of heavy metals accumulate in there sulting soil. This accumulation is not just about soil and ecosystem. At the same time affects the food chain also human and animal health. These polluted soils are the most difficult work in terms of environmental engineering. The high costs of clean-up activities of contaminated soil have limited the use of classical disposal technologies limited.
Environmental engineers have also developed phytoremediation and bioremediation techniques to remove these toxic elements. The phytoremediation technique is more preferrable in this field, because of its environmental friendly properties and cost.The ability of hyperacumulator plants to absorb large amounts of toxic elements in their bodies mad ethese plant spreferrable in clean up activities. One of the most important advantages of the phytoremedical technique is that it provides in-situtreatment and it requires very few extra efforts to remove the pollution. In addition, phytoremediation does not harm natural resources. However, the phytoremediation technique can only be use in shallow regions in water, soil and sediment. Another short coming of their technique is that plants can not show their efficacy in very short time in highly polluted areas. For this reason, the phytoremediation technique can only be used at low levels of contaminated sites. In this review, the effects of heavy metals in the soil, the applications of the phytoremediation technique to remove heavy metals from the soil and the prosandcons of these methods have been studied.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Lazar FLAMIND, Maria-Olivia MOLDOVAN

The study's purpose is to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of soil (granulometry, organic substance, pH, humidity), the samples being gathered from three different areas regarding the internal zoning, but similar regarding the altitude, the aspect, the slope and the type of vegetation. The sample A1 from the strictly protected zone, the resort Corongis, is the control sample.
The granulometric analysis has been realized by using the Kacinski method. The soil’s humidity (W) has been determined by drying in a stove at 105˚ C, the pH has been determined by using the Glass electrode method and the organic substance has been determined by using the Calcination method.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Alexandra-Maria GEORGESCU, Andreea DESPA

A novelty of our time is that humanity faces a global phenomenon whose consequences are still hard to assess by scientists, this phenomenon is global warming. Some people still doubt its existence however not only is it a real event but it is much more complex and urgent than it is considered to be. In the following reference we will evaluate if the phenomenon is favourable, dangerous or neutral for the global ecosystem. The idea of saving the planet may seem utopian, but it is necessary to think about the need to maintain a stable and beneficial climate in order to have an ideal habitat for human beings for as long as possible.
In this reference we also intend to describe the "fight" between those involved in climate campaigns versus climate skeptics / industrial groups. The ultimate goal would be to influence the audience and implicit, on climate policy making.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Iulia Diana GLIGA, Maxim COROCHII, Maria-Olivia MOLDOVAN

The river deposits transportation prognosis is required to draft the improvement planning of the torrential hydrographic basin, considering that the basin torrential potential shall be established based on this hydrological dimension, together with the retention capacity of the transversal hydro-technical works and with an estimation of the hydrological and anti-erosion efficiency of all the measures and works which are to be applied within the basin. The hydrographic network of the torrential basin Gurghiu is mostly dominated by the river deposits erosion and transportation. In order to calculate the annual average transportation the method advanced by R.Gaspar and by A. Apostol was used, a method which is conceived for the specificity of the torrential basins of our country. To draw a conclusion, based on the previously made calculations, the annual volume of the basin river deposits is of 130 m3/year. The bank deposits retention in the earthworks shall determine a stabilization of the river beds in the hydrographic works emplacement region, thus reducing its slope and depositing the alluvial deposits quantities.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Beata KACZMAREK, Ewelina WERNER

The aim of this article is to present possibility of use of a metal detector, homing objects by generating a magnetic field, to identify unknown mass graves from the time World War I and World War II.
Mass graves are usually located in difficult, usually wooded area. Therefore they are inaccessible to the majority of archaeological methods such as aerial photography. Detecting the mass graves using a detector in this case is the best solution, because inside the graves are often found metal knives, buttons from uniforms, badges, or other such items.
For the prospecting research will be helpful VLF model which after appropriate setting detects a specific kind of metal.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Elena MARICA

Noise pollution is neglected in schools, although it can cause multiple effects on students and teachers. This article will be presented potential sources of noise that affect the smooth conduct of classes, methods of measuring noise pollution, methods of combating this type of pollution, then I will briefly effects that may occur on the health staff in institutions education.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Andrei Iulian MIHALACHE, Iosua Andrei PANTEA, Catalina Georgiana LEAHU

Topo-geodetic methods are in many cases the only one methods allowing the absolute determination of the size and direction of the movement of a building or area of land with constructions as well as the determination of the movements and deformation made by other methods.The monitoring of constructions on a timeline is a very complex process, which requires a rigorous planning. In order to be able to diagnose, it is necessary to analyze thoroughly the characteristics of the structure. The paper aimed to present this paper the process of monitoring Agigea is the first cable-stayed bridge made in Romania, and until 2002, span over waterway 162.5 meters was the highest road bridge span from country. Cable-stayed structure is 246.65 meters long.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Ştefan PETRESCU, Roxana MUSTĂŢEA, Iosif NICORICI

In horticulture, recent technological advances has inevitably led to studies and research conducted on plants interactions with the environment, and further to the development of new theories and assumptions regarding the plants ‚senses’. A large part of the experiments conducted worldwide represents those that aim to understand the effects of music on plant growth, in various stages of development. In this context, the present paper aims to describe the influence of different types of music on the germination of Beta vulgaris L.var.cicla L. seeds. The seeds were divided into three groups (five seeds in each group), one subject to the experimentation and two control groups. Two control groups were chosen in order to establish if any differences could be noticed according to their proximity to the music source. The observations were taken twice a day, for 28 days, the total period of the experiment. Notes, photos, measurements for a better and fair description of the experiment have been taken. The results where rather unpredictable, proving the effect of music on plants in an unexpected way.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Mihai Adrian RACHIERU, Irina IACOB, Maria CRISTEA

The positive effect of music not only on humans, but also on animals and plants is well known for a long time, being used in music therapy. Studies have shown that a harmonious musical concert stimulates songbirds from forests. Moreover, monkeys, depending on the nature of music they listen to, could cheer or fall into melancholy. If music is a mean of relaxation or even healing for people, which is its effect on plants? The current paper aims at answering this question, by presenting the results of an experiment that studied the biological effects of different genres of music on the wheat plants growth. The Triticumaestivum seeds were placed into three pots and the humidity, temperature and damping program were kept constant. One of the pot was set as the control group, the other two being subjected to the following musical compositions: Havasi - Rise of the instruments and Led Zeppelin’s tracks for 2 and a half hours a day. The experiment lasted 6 weeks, during which plants height was measured weekly and change in leaves color was visually estimated. The obtained results were in accordance with the literature data: both classical and rock music affect living biological systems, those exposed to classical music being higher and brighter than either the control group or those exposed to rock music.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Luiza-Cecilia SPIRIDON, Denisa Elena-Maria POPOCEA, Mihaela-Andreea SOLOMON

This article aims to present the multiple perspectives that compete in defining public perception over global warming and the impact that several endogoenous and/or exogenous factors have on it. Due to the overwhelming amount of existing information, often conflicting and vague,we have confined ourselvesto try to identify common patterns - elements and differences in the discourse on global warming of different actors that have agreat impact on public opinion. We consulted materials provided by scientists, activists, politicians and public media and we have also aligned ourselves to previous research and studies on the controversy aroused by the subject of global warming in order to better graspthe complex relation between existing arguments and counterarguments and how theyaffect public opinion. In the conclusion section, we bring to attention some of the most relevant factors of confusion and misinterpretation that we have identified as leading to a continous dynamic of the public perception over global warming, thus contributing to a general state of confusion and insecurity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Robert STAN, George TOMA, Cătălin RADU

This article is based on a scientific report made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change of the European Commission. The information in the report shows that global warming is still ongoing and its effects are becoming clearer from year to year. It is good to know these things, but it is important to understand the causes: people are the main cause of climate change; less ice means more heat and the growing level of carbon dioxide in atmosphere has bewildering effects on creatures of seas and oceans. We bring into question the opinion of some political figures who are or have been skeptical about the warnings of scientists. In conclusion, the present paper doesn’t aim to form a general opinion, but rather to stimulate a debate.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Dorin TATARU, Andreea Cristina TATARU

The water is an indispensable factor of life and also has an important role in ecological balance and its pollution is a serious problem with the current population. The water pollution is altering the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of their being produced directly or indirectly, natural or man-made, the polluted water is unfit for normal use. One of the most important properties of water, in addition to temperature, color and electrical conductivity, is turbidity. In this paper we present a method of determination of turbidity and electrical conductivity. The method is based on the measurement of luminous intensity weakening which passed through a liquid containing suspended solid particles are absorbed or released. Following these measurements can be verified and determination the degree of pollution and what are major pollution sources

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 5
Written by Vasile TIGANASU

The water system from arboretum is part of a complex project of landscaping (improvement) into the University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest (UASVMB) campus area. The aim is to valorise the park by harmonizing the natural space with the anthropogenic one. The water system consists of two reservoirs at different levels. Those are connected by a channel with a trapezoidal section and a pipeline that transports the water from the downstream lake to the upstream lake using a pump for water recirculation. The lack of natural water sources and the local soil high permeability imposed a waterproofing solution in order to reduce water loss. The channel path intersects an alley used by pedestrians and having auto traffic. For overpass it, there was built a bridge of reinforced concrete. The project in its entirety improves the landscape and social life of both students and employees of UASVMB and also of the people who visit the park for recreation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 4
Written by Alin DANCA

The paper aims to present the present situation and trends for evolution of packaging waste recycling in the town of Bucharest, as a model for the entire urban waste management system in Romania. The statistical data for our country and European ones entitle me to propose some simple solution to improve the process.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 4
Written by Andrei DÂRLEA, Mihaela SOPONAR, Andreea TATARU

The paper presents some elements in the analysis of noise exposure, presenting the phenomenon of noise pollution, its sources and its harmful effects. The purpose of this paper is to analyze road traffic noise, the most widespread source of noise pollution in urban areas. The object of this research is the analysis of noise recorded at major road crossings in Petrosani using a multimeter. The results of the measurements are plotted and interpreted.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 4
Written by Corina DUMITRACHE, Mihai FRINCU, Stefania ILA, Ana-Maria GODEANU

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hygiene from one Student House Of Agronomical University Camp by evaluation of airborne microflora from 12 rooms (total air cubing: 480 m3). The degree of microbiological contamination of indoor air was checked by monitoring of 60 surface samples and 36 air samples. Qualitative analysis of indoor air and surfaces that might contain microorganisms was made by identifying colonies on Petri plate with solid culture specific to bacteria and molds. The results regarding microbes from indoor air presented fairly large variations from one room to another (from less than 100 CFU/m3 to slightly above 2000 CFU/m3), but in no one inverstigated space have been exceeding the admitted limit (2500 CFU/m3).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 4
Written by Mihai FRINCU, Corina DUMITRACHE

The aim of this paper was to understand how nitrogen cycle evolving through early experimental aquaponic system due to growth of nitrification bacteria such as Nitrozomonas and Nitrobacter. In this respect, it was design an aquaculture system, with different composition of fish species: Carassius auratus (10 pieces) and Hypostomus plecostomus (2 pieces). After we’ve found that the nitrogen cycle was established, we’ve chosen the suitable plants for the hydroponic system. The fishes were fed by organic meal; it was used a feeding rate ratio for design calculations of (0,6 grams /day) and the feed input was kept relatively constant. The pH was controlled on a daily basis (pH was maintained constant by addition of calcium carbonate) and oxygen dissolved (that has been kept constant by using a proper pump). Nitrogen forms (ammonium - NH4, nitrite - NO2 and nitrate - NO3) were determined on a daily basis as well and in the same time with pH measurement, in order to make correlations between evolution of nitrogen concentrations and nitrification bacteria growths. After 30 days of experiment it was found that ammonium - NH4 concentrations are directly and significantly correlated with nitrite -NO2 concentrations (the Pearson correlation factor is r = 0.74). It means that Nitrosomonas bacteria formed an effective biofilm. After 10 days from initiation of aquaculture experiment we also observed that nitrate concentrations values are correlated with nitrites concentrations values (which demonstrates the Nitrobacter growing). The correlation coefficient is negative (r = - 0.75) because in the absence of plants, the nitrates were accumulated in water. In conclusion, according to experimental data, the ammonium- NH4 and nitrite -NO2 concentrations are stabilized after 30 days, reaching values which are lower than legislation in force imposing.

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  1. EVALUATION OF NATURAL HONEY AS CORROSION INHIBIT OR FOR BRONZE IN WEAKLY ACIDIC SOLUTION
  2. “RECYCLING” OF RAW MATERIALS 1500 YEARS BC
  3. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS ON THE USE OF ELECTROCOAGULATION FOR HEAVY METALS REMOVAL FROM METAL PLATING WASTERWATER
  4. THE STUDY OF DISPERSION OF DUST PARTICLES FROM THE PONDS OF THE POWER PLANT PAROSENI

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