ISSN 2344 – 1283, ISSN CD-ROM 2344 – 1291, ISSN ONLINE 2344 – 1305, ISSN-L 2344 – 1283
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Silvia IVAN, Aurelia MARTIN

Waste management includes all activities of collection, transport, treatment, recovery and disposal of waste, including supervising of such operations. The framework law that regulates waste management activities in Romania is Law no. 27/2007, approving Government Emergency Ordinance no. 61/2006, amending and supplementing Government Emergency Ordinance no. 78/2000 on waste regime. This paper presents the importance of waste recycling, a comparison between Romania and other EU countries. With waste recycling we save a lot of energy, we can reduce the amount of waste to save our nature.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Roxana Oana NICULAE, Dănuț Constantin NICULA

Ecosystem services are the many and varied benefits that people freely gain from the natural environment and the proper functioning of ecosystems. Such ecosystems include, for example, agroecosystems, urban ecosystems, forest ecosystems, pasture ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems, etc. Collectively, these benefits are known as ecosystem services. In this paper we wanted to highlight the very close link between the relationships of soil microorganisms, soil microbiota and the optimal functioning of agroecosystems, which is reflected in the rich harvest obtained in both households presented as case studies. Due to the systems of good agricultural practices which are respected in both households presented in the case study, the functioning of agroecosystems is optimal and this is reflected both in soil health - expressed as biodiversity and the functioning of microorganisms and in plant health.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Ștefania Cristina PANĂ, Elena Georgiana ZLOTEA

Renewable resources are important sources of energy with increasing interest recently, given that the current activities of the population, but also the expansion of industries, are irreversibly affecting exhaustible energy. Currently renewable resources are not sufficiently exploited, hence they are still of great interest to researchers, engineers and builders. This paper aims to provide an overview of the technologies based on renewable resources in nowadays construction. Given the impossibility of recovering consumed energy, the innovative solution for reducing energy use and its storage is the development of novel solutions of integration and involvement of renewable resources in construction. This should be performed from the design stage, construction using renewable materials, recycled or with minimal energy consumption, and up at the stage of building entirely green houses. Among the technologies based on the use of renewable energy resources used in construction, solar water heating systems, photovoltaic systems, heat pumps or heat recovery systems are frequently used. By involving these renewable resources in construction, the aim is to reduce energy consumption by stimulating primarily energy production and improving the following main sectors: economic, ecological, medical and last but not least the considerable improvement of personal comfort, thus respecting the rules imposed by the European Union in 2020 on operational energy conservation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Ana-Maria PREDA, Maria DUMITRACHE, Elena ZLOTEA

Soil quality is the competence of soil to perform necessary functions that are able to maintain animal and plant productivity of the soil. Soil consists of various physical, chemical, and biological parameters, and all these parameters are involved in the critical functioning of soil. There is a need for continuous assessment of soil quality as soil is a complex and dynamic constituent of Earth's biosphere that is continuously changing by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Any perturbations in the soil cause disturbances in the physical (soil texture, bulk density, etc.), chemical (pH, salinity, organic carbon, etc.), and biological (microbes and enzymes) parameters. These physical, chemical, and biological parameters can serve as indicators for soil quality assessment. However, soil quality assessment cannot be possible by evaluating only one parameter out of physical, chemical, or biological. So, there is an emergent need to establish a minimum dataset (MDS) which shall include physical, chemical, and biological parameters to assess the quality of the given soil. Diagnosis of soil pollution risk and carrying out measures to recover contaminated soil requires a thorough study of the degree of determination of soil function. Enzymatic activity reveals disturbances of the ecosystem, enzymes can indicate, along with other physico-chemical properties, soil quality. In this mini-review paper, we analyze the effects of modern, industrial agriculture, the effects of soil pollutants (pesticides, nitrate) and the effects of cultivation techniques. Further research is needed to establish the quantitative relationships between the physico-chemical properties of the soil and the enzymatic activity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Vafa SHIKHIYEVA, Georgina TOTH-NAGY

The rapid economic improvement in developing countries during the last decades has been followed by growingly deteriorated air quality. Air pollution is considering one of the most critical environmental issues in the urban areas of Azerbaijan. As a result of the urbanization, emissions from oil, gas, chemistry, metal, construction material industries, and car building complex, the atmospheric air of the Absheron peninsula become the most contaminated place in Azerbaijan. The primary anthropogenic sources of air pollution in Azerbaijan are mobile sources and the oil-and-gas industry. However, the number of literature and researches was written about this problem is not adequate. In this research work, we aimed to analyze the changes in the last years of air quality in Azerbaijan. To reach our goal, we used the times series analysis method. The research is principally based on examining the air quality situation in six big cities of Azerbaijan. One of the main reasons for that was the high concentration level of PM and SO2. We also applied Air Quality Index (AQI) method to our research, and it showed that atmospheric air in Baku, Mingechevir, and Nakhchivan was heavily contaminated. Our study revealed that air quality in the big cities of the country is poor.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Anca ȘIPOȘ

This article is an overview of the reducing the impact of wasted food by feeding the soil and composting based on information from studies made on this topic. The research includes the improvements composting has made in the agriculture, by reduces and in some cases eliminates the need for chemical fertilizers. Another thing about compost, it can help aid reforestation, wetlands restoration, and habitat revitalization efforts by improving contaminated, compacted, and marginal soils. The subject of this research is the benefits of composting in Romania and where is this possible. As a conclusion, it is mandatory to reduce the landfilled quantity of biodegradable waste generated in Romania.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Sânziana BITULEANU, Cosmin - Bogdan DANCIU, Sebastian SANDU

In this paper we are going to assess the seismic behavior of the Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering building to future earthquakes, it carries a significant amount of uncertainty. Firstly, most of this is due to the inability to know precisely the characteristics of future earthquakes, and secondly, simplification of the assumptions used to measure the structural response. The increased sensitivity of humankind to natural disasters is not just due to a shift in the way phenomena occur, but rather to anthropogenic factors, which demand even more than before a relevant study of risk factors and the continuous engagement of experts throughout all fields of activity in the reduction of negative effects earthquakes may cause to the individuals, to the infrastructure or to the environmental conditions. The safety of buildings is one of the key efficiency standards for constructions. Expressed in a quality-like approach, these criteria must be enhanced by quantitative factors.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Valentina - Dumitrela BAROIU

This paper aims to highlight a practical way to map the Nicolae Titulescu Park in Brasov. The surface of this park (over 5 ha) was measured using the total station and GNSS technology, by mapping both utilities from this space (green space – with flowers, green space – with trees, green space – with shrubs, alleys, playground for children, recreation space), as well as the details (trees, shrubs, spaces for agricultural species, benches, traffic signs, lamps). The topographic data were rigorously compensated, by further processing in the GIS program, in which the related database was created and a series of GIS analyzes were performed such as: the ratio between major parks utilities (green space versus alleys), the ratio between the effective surface occupied by the projection of the trees and the green space surface, the control of the trees crown grooming, etc. It has thus been shown that the use of GIS is not only timely, but also extremely efficient for a modern management of green spaces.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Diana BORA, Manuela BOGDAN, Alexandru DĂMEAN, Alexandru NICOARĂ

Searching for a historically rich area, we have identified the Brasov area as an important tourist attraction, therefore we have found the need to create a multimodal transport network, which would make it easy to switch between many transport networks, so as to correspond tourists' need to go to tourist attractions in the area as efficiently, safely, and relaxed as possible. The transport network is made by starting from the most popular areas from Brasov for tourists to visit, creating a beautiful route for every tourist who wants to discover a part of our country. Analyzing the current transport network, the areas where these services are in high demand, the air quality, and the opportunities for improvement, a map regarding the use of a multimodal transport system has been made. With the help of ArcGIS technology, bicycle lanes, pedestrian lanes and the best public transport solutions have been created. For starters we have georeferenced the image taken from Google Earth, which contains the area studied in ArcMap. The next task was to create a data base that corresponded to the future transport network, containing the main roads and the most important attractions. In our work we have used the following apps: ArcMap, ArcCatalog, GoogleEarthPro and also TransDatRo. In the end we obtained a map made for tourists, which aids them in their traffic, as well as a panoramic view of the most important attractions in Brasov.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Ionuț Cosmin GHEORGHESCU, Ana Maria ȘTIRBU

The paper presents a management plan of the Recaș vineyard using software specific to Geographic Information Systems, which are based on the vineyard cadastre, information on the vineyard area, the owner, the category of use of the vineyards, and other aspects, a series of results with immediate or long-term effect on the process of sustainable development. Creating a WEB GIS application that presents an interactive map of the Recaș vineyard using the ArcGIS online software, is a mobile and advanced solution for how to use a map in the viticultural field. The interactive map can be used for tourism purposes, based on the exposure of the main locations and the management of all works necessary for plots in the Recaș vineyard, so good coordination will lead to the proposed results and the development of sustainable viticulture in the western part of Romania, it directly contributes to the expansion of national sustainable wine development.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Alina PIȚIȘ, Cătălin SABOU, Loredana STRUȚI

Considering the abusive exploitation of wood in the North-Western part of Romania, we proposed a study comparing the years 2011, 2015 and 2017, in which to obtain data on: area of grubbed-up land, quantity of wood felled, but also number of coniferous trees needed for the reforestation of the area chosen in the study. For a more elaborate analysis of the area of interest we realized a DTM, in order to determine the slopes, the mountainsides, the exposure to the sun and some areas of a certain elevation to determine which area is most exposed to deforestation as well as the area most protected from exploitation. For this purpose, the deforested areas were classified depending on the nearest access road, namely the county road DJ 18. The data we used to achieve our goal consists of images and coordinates taken from the Google Earth application, and then using the TransDatRo application we converted the geographical coordinates (B, L, H) into Stereo coordinates 1970 (X, Y, Z). The data processing and analysis was made in the ArcMap application. Finally, the resulting data gives us an overview of the deforestation problem that Romania currently has, but also the negative impact it has on the soil.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Florina - Neluța TĂPĂLAGĂ, Katalin TÖRÖK, Veronica VESA

Keeping in mind the geographical position of Mărișel Ski & Snowboard Slope from Mărișel, which is at a hight of 1,150- 1,250 metres, we have developed a geographic informational system in order to conduct a research on the region’s slopes with the help of satellite images. The database was processed and managed through the methods and spatial analysis technologies offered by Google Earth and ArcMap applications. The collected information was then analyzed by Digital Terrain Model, as well as by specific terrain analysis technology. By analyzing the raster model, we have pinpointed the sunny areas of the slopes where the snow melts quickly, therefore presenting a disadvantage for the practice winter sports, and creating a need for the intervention of artificial snow machines. In order to discover the surfaces which contribute to water increase, we have ranked the area’s elevation points. Another purpose of the research was to determine the slopes’ exposition (Northern orientation), the direction of the drainage, as well as the drainage points in the vicinity of the pumping station. Having experienced both the spectacular view over Beliș Fântânele Lake, and some of the area’s adverse meteorological conditions, through the above mentioned process of collecting data, we would like to contribute to monitoring, developing and creating the most favourable conditions for winter sports on these slopes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Marius CEAUȘ

It is common belief that the first person in history who ever used infinite series approximations to trigonometric functions was the Indian mathematician Madhava (1340–1425 bC), the founder of the Kerala astronomy school, who deduced some approximation formulas for trigonometric functions by geometric arguments. In the West, the intuitive idea of more general Taylor series was given by the Scottish mathematician James Gregory, but they were formally introduced by the English mathematician Brook Taylor in 1715. Taylor series centered at 0 are also called Maclaurin series, in the honour of the Scottish mathematician Colin Maclaurin, who extensively used this special case in his works in the 18th century. The partial sums of a Taylor series are called Taylor polynomials. The Taylor series are very powerful methods used to function approximations (numerical approximations, integrals, differential equations, asymptotic calculus). In this article we use the asympthotic expressions of Taylor series in order to calculate function limits.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Andreea-Denisa LAZĂR, Daniel Andrei POPA

The Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan (22 December 1887 – 26 April 1920) was one of the most enigmatic figures in the history of science. He was born in a poor family and had no formal education in mathematics, being mostly self-taught, but he made important contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions, including the solutions to some open mathematical problems. Some of his work even has applications in nowadays top science domains, such as cosmology and string theory. Back then, paper was very expensive and Ramanujan did most of his calculations with chalk on the ground floor of a local temple and then recorded them in his notebooks, mostly without the proofs, just like in the book “A Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics” by G. S. Carr, which influenced him deeply. He said that his formulas were revealed to him in his dreams by some Indian gods, especially by the goddess Namagiri. In his short life he found more than 3900 results (mostly identities and equations), many of them completely novel and very unconventional, which opened new directions in science and were inspiring for later scientists.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 8
Written by Cornel STOICA, Irina TOMAŞU

The aim of this review is to highlight the survival abilities of the Deinococcus radiodurans bacterium after it suffers degradation caused by exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is a type of energy either in wavelength or particle form, able to produce ions by removal of electrons and breaking of chemical bonds and with harmful potential leading to DNA strand breaks and cell death. Deinococcus radiodurans has built up a strong resilience to factors like dehydration and oxidative stress, the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants. It relies on a complex defence system comprising of several mechanisms such as: catalase and superoxide dismutase, enzymes capable of breaking down the harmful free radicals; nonenzymatic antioxidants like manganese and carotenoids complexes, among which deinoxanthin is a pigment produced solely by this particular bacterium and transcriptional regulatory proteins - PpRM, IrrE, DdrA-. This ability to withstand the oxidative stress of the ionizing radiation led to the discovery of a wide range of practical applications such as usage in the medical field, in environmental protection like cleaning toxic and radioactive waste and even prospective use in areas with high levels of radiation like the surface of planet Mars.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Sabina APĂVĂLOAEI, Georgiana Gabriela ILEA

In recent years noise pollution has begun to make its presence felt more and more through intense road traffic and its effects, thus requiring a much higher dose of attention to this issue. This research work was carried out in order to bring to the forefront the harmful effects of the phonic pollution of the biotic and abiotic factors, the methods of improvement of the registered parameters and their evolution in the last years.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Ana-Maria-Iulia BELIVACĂ

Most human beings want to use medicinal plants to treat some diseases. This means that we want to return to nature to prevent some diseases and pains. Although diseases are currently being treated more often through medicines of synthetic origin, the use of some medications leads to certain damages to the body. Therefore, the importance of medicinal plants and their products is increasingly recognized and public confidence in their use is constantly strengthened. In my Case Study -,,The Benefits of Using the Medicinal Plants”, I concluded that: it is important to protect some green areas (100% of people agreed with this); it is important to protect the plant species with a risk of extinction (86,3% of people agreed with this); we prefer herbal products (86,3% of people agreed with this); it is important that the medicines be prepared only from medicinal plants (76,5% of people agreed with this); it is important to focus only medicinal plants and their products (63,7% of people agreed with this).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Thomas BORBELI

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the stability of a slope that was subsequently affected by a landslide through several methods of analysis. The well known limit equilibrium methods are conventional ways for the assessment of stability for homogeneous and layered soils. A comparison between the percentages of utilization of these methods has been done according to the norms in force. The following methods had been used: Bishop Method, Fellenius Method and Janbu Method. Landslides are phenomena that occur regularly in our country. They can cause serious damage to the environment and can endanger human lives. This article will present a case from a rural area that has been affected by such a phenomenon and its harmful consequences.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Bogdan Alexandru COSTACHE, Georgiana-Camelia BODNĂRAŞ

By studying the literature and the information available on various sites, we noticed that Sweden is the country with the most advanced and efficient waste collection and recycling system. Sweden is a top performer when it comes to sorting and recycling its waste and is in the rare situation of lacking garbage at its incineration centres, which produce enough electricity to supply 250,000 homes and heating for 950,000 homes. Swedish municipalities are individually investing in futuristic waste collection techniques, like automated vacuum systems in residential blocks, removing the need for collection transport, and underground container systems that free up road space and get rid of any smells. In the Romania, each local authority has its own system, making it difficult for residents to be confident about what they can recycle and where. We think we need more of a coherent national strategy in Romania to the collection of recyclable materials, rather than the current approach, whereby it is largely left to individual local authorities to determine their own collection policies.
Don’t waste more time and money – let’s get started! A holistic mindset is the key! Getting the whole system and industry involved creates the best conditions for the changes and actions needed to make waste management truly sustainable. It means getting the municipal sector (where the infrastructure is, or should to be) and the private sector (which sells the technology and services) to work together. Both inside municipalities and between municipalities!
Making this happen creates scope for long-term planning – and short-term action. For getting priorities right and starting at the right end of the chain. And for agreeing who should do what and why.
This paper aims to draw the attention of all people to the importance of separate collection of waste and reuse. For this purpose we created two questionnaires which we addressed to all categories of people in terms of age and social status. Surveys have accumulated a total of 154 and 117 responses, respectively.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Marcela Prada de Campos ENGLER, Quirijn de Jong van LIER, Elke BLOEM, Ewald SCHNUG

A new laboratory method was proposed to establish an easily performed standard for the determination of mobile soil water close to real conditions during the infiltration and redistribution of water in a soil. It consisted of applying a water volume with a tracer ion on top of an undisturbed ring sample on a pressure plate under a known suction or pressure head. Afterwards, soil water mobility was determined by analyzing the tracer-ion concentration in the soil sample. Soil water mobility showed to be a function of the applied water volume. No relation between soil water mobility and applied pressure head could be established with data from the present experiment. A simple one- or two-parameter equation can be fitted to the experimental data to parameterize soil water mobility as a function of applied solute volumes. Sandy soils showed higher mobility than loamy soils at low values of applied solute volumes, and both sandy and loamy soils showed an almost complete mobility at high applied solute volumes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Gianina-Gabriela HIRJANU, Fănuţa-Andreea COLĂCEL

Since the dawn of man, our species searched for better ways to feed themselves, by developing more efficient methods of hunting, animal / vegetable domestication, food preservation by physical methods, and finally, by adding molecules to food in order to enhance flavours or to preserve it. Today, more than 2500 additives are intentionally added to food in order to keep certain properties or to extend shelf life, while many others were banned throughout the years, some of them at a global level and others only in specific countries. In essence, food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavour or enhance its taste, appearance, or other qualities. We distinguish two important categories of food additives: artificial and natural ones. No matter the origin is, they both present advantages or disadvantages. On the one hand, synthetic substances are, obviously, cheaper and easier to produce than the natural ones, but in the same time they can be the major cause of a variety of diseases. On the other hand, natural substances are an easier way to a healthier life, if they are used in the right doses. Also, we have to be aware that their price can be even twice higher compared to the artificial additives. This paper attempts to highlight the benefits of natural additives, their synergy and potency as a great leap from synthetic additives that in most cases have a single effect on food.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Magdalena LEONTE, Eduard BĂNICĂ

Floods remain one of the major causes of natural disasters affecting society. The consequences of floods to man on a world wide scale have been well documented. Damage assessments of natural hazards supply crucial information to decision support and policy development in the fields of natural hazard management and adaptation planning to climate change. Thus, in this paper we want to bring to the forefront the modern monitoring tools, such as drones for image acquisition and data processing software to possible flood-affected areas, and an economic assessment of the losses due to them.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Cristiana-Maria MĂDÎRJAC, Mariana-Florentina MIU (SIMA), Bogdan-Alexandru COSTACHE

Groundwater quality monitoring management requires the implementation and/or expansion of routine groundwater quality monitoring programs in all villages in the counties of Romania. While the standardization of sample collection and laboratory testing protocols is essential, the ability to provide timely public notification is an equally important element. In preparation for the implementation of the groundwater quality monitoring management programe we investigated the use of IDEXX Colilert-18, IDEXX Enterolert E, Quanti-Tray/2000 (IDEXX) as a means to reduce the time necessary for public notification of freshwater quality while still providing accurate and consistent test results. The fact that IDEXX decreases the time from sample collection to public notification by over six hours coupled with its ease of use and consistent results make this method an attractive choice for the implementation of groundwater management programs.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Alexandru Cristian Nicolae MANOLACHE

Living organisms are known for their ability to adapt to environmental changes, to evolve to overcome the challenges these new environments they encounter, and microbes are no different. They have an outstanding ability to adapt to differences in environments, to different antimicrobial substances which are synthesised in order to counter them, or to quickly multiply to overcome their inevitable fate if they chose to not adapt. And that is extermination. Another factor that plays nicely with them is the chaotic usage of antibiotics, which leads to these microbes’ natural ability of developing an anti-antibiotic behaviour.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Florin Sebastian MUSTĂŢEA

On the territory of Romania, we find a multitude of soils that have a special character from the point of view of physical and-mechanical behaviors, which can raise real problems without a thorough experience and a particular engineering approach. In Romania there are many regions in which there are found soils of low consistency, more specifically soft clays. The behavior of these clays, under the influence of mechanical stresses, has very distinct characteristics, namely: thixotropy and consolidation. Knowing the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of these soils is very useful in establishing engineering measures that will lead to a source of risk as small as possible. In Romania, during the construction of highways, there have been major phenomena of instability and bearing capacity failure of the foundation ground made of soft clays under the loads induced by the embankments of the infrastructure. The Sebeş - Turda highway, in the sector between km 63 + 700 - km 64 + 000, crosses the Stejeriş Lake through an approximately 500 m long viaduct.Alternatively, to this solution, the builder initiated the construction of a fill in the lake as a platform for the highway sector. The filling was constructed of sand and gravel aggregates, all embedded in a soft clay matrix with insufficient characteristics to bind the blocks together and form a whole. Thus, there have been mudslides and landslides in the lake and in the remaining filling there have been identified active landslides towards the lake.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Andreea-Simona NEAGU

This review talks about the importance of biodegradable plastics that have a positive impact, for now positive, on the environment. Here you will find, the good parts of recycling, reusing, and how you can do better, step by step, doing small changes in your life. Humans don’t know exactly how to do good things for the planet, and so, here you will find information about bioplastic and biodegradable plastic that can be found around us and help us to improve our lives. It’s not certain if bioplastic does too much good, or too much bad, but for now, the balance is on the good part. As long as we have microorganisms and we learn how to correctly recycle and appreciate what we have, we’ll be fine.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Teodora POPESCU, Ervin COZMA

Nowadays, there are many controversies around GMOs, mainly due to the lack of information, but also to the fact that the technology of obtaining the transgenic organisms is relatively new and therefore unknown by ordinary consumers. Many people believe that GMOs are harmful to human and animal health but also, for the environment. While some of these claims have been proven to be true, most of them are just speculations. Despite all the backlash, it has not been scientifically proved that GMO consumption is more dangerous than organic food. Regarding the environmental potential issues, in order not to bring ecological imbalances, the states that have embraced GMO breeding and cultivation have adopted very restrictive regulatory rules. This way, both ecosystems and food are secured. The present paper tries to detail, besides advantages and disadvantages, some myths and facts about GMOs.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Mihaela-Andra ROŞCA, Ani-Rebeca CREŢU, Ionuţ-Cosmin IANCU

Every day, 600 000 people travel by subway. And every day, for a few dozen minutes, these passengers breathe the underground air. Many felt agglomeration, heat, dust. Few people wondered how harmful the particles invade their lungs. In this study we determined concentrations for the particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide, as well as the level of noise from the subway. The results are worrying and shows the differences between the maximum admitted and the actual levels that lead, in time, to the illness of the human body.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Manuela ROTARU, Luima MANUEL, Aurelian IOAN, Dan SÎRBU

The study was designed to investigate the effect of the two systems (aquaponic and hydroponic) on lettuce yield and quality. The experiment was conducted within the laboratory C01 Environmental Sciences, FIFIM. The two systems were monitored weekly through the following parameters: pH, CE, NH4, NO2, NO3, KH, PO4 using colorimetric kits named, JBL test. Regarding the growth and development of the lettuce, the length of the lettuce was measured every three days. In addition to measuring the growth of the leaves, the lettuce was also analyzed in the form of dry substance. As a result, it was proved that at pH values were generally between 6.5-8.4 pH and CE between 1.37-1.43 dS / m-1. For the aquaponic tank, the concentration of nitrates decreased from 240mg / l to 60mg / l and phosphates at 3.6 - 2.0 mg / l. This results in a good absorption of the roots of the lettuce plant. In comparison to the hydroponic system, where the concentration of nitrates and phosphates was higher. in the hydroponic system, the lettuce had an average growth of two cm every three days, and in the aquaponic system it had an average growth of three cm every three days.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Senanur SAMUR, Fadime Hazal GÜNEŞ

The aim of this study is to determine the air pollution occurring in city centers or it’s around by means of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with some of the sensors. Today, the air quality in the city centers is realized via stationary air measuring stations located at the determined points of the city. This method provides very safe data depending on the number of stations that make measurement. However, when the city centre is rugged and the measurement period is considered, it is clear that it is not an efficient method. In this study, a more useful measurement method will be produced by using an UAV which is also a practical method to solve this problem. It is planned to measure some of the air pollutants such as CO2, CO, NO2, CH4, and some meteorological parameters such as temperature and pressure, using a modular UAV system to be designed in the study. Due to the advantages of the modular design system, a practical measurement can be carried out for different gases if required.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Dorin TĂTARU, Anastasia ROŞCA

Jiu Valley is an important mining area. With the exploitation of surface coal, a number of radioactive elements are also brought. These radioactive elements are found in both coal and tailings resulting from the extraction and processing of coal. Radioactive elements are also present in slag and ash resulting from burning due to the fact that they do not burn. In this paper we intend to study the radioactive pollution of tailings dumps and of the slag and ash ponds in the Jiu Valley.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Robert-Cosmin CĂPĂŢÎNĂ, Emanuel-Daniel MIRCEA, Laurenţiu-Petrişor CIORICĂ, Nico LIPPI

Purification technologies have been rapidly evolving lately due to the large number of applications that have been made, both for city and industrial wastewater use. An important direction of evolution is related to the development of monitoring devices for the operation of sewage treatment plants. Applications that tracked performance parameters and quality indicators highlighted optimal exploitation technologies and technologies that ultimately led to increased efficiency and lower costs. In purification, the critical process indicator is "nitrogen"; reducing and framing this indicator within the limits imposed by legislation implying the inclusion of all quality indicators. The development of continuous nitrogen monitoring devices has allowed the purification, nitrification and denitrification processes to be balanced, and the development of appropriate operating and adjustment programs. The control of the ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen treatment is the best option for optimizing the operation of the treatment plants. In the material are presented the process philosophies and the results obtained from the regulation of the functioning of the nitrogen treatment plants Continuous monitoring and regulation ensures the reduction of impacts on water resources.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Florin Cristian BÂRLIBA, Ionuţ Cosmin GHEORGHESCU

3D maps offer much more than analogic maps. While on a classic map we look at a city and just imagine what that city looks like, 3D maps give us the opportunity to see this. 3D maps are currently the best solution to visit the major cities of the world if you can not afford to do it in the true sense of the word. The purpose of the paper is to create a 3D digital map of the campus of the Polytechnic University of Timisoara and for that was used the ArcGIS Online software which is a GIS mapping platform developed by ESRI in order to accomplish this work.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Lavinia-Elena BUS, Anca-Lorena CĂPRARIU, Andreea-MariaTARTAN

The purpose of this project is to build a digital map of the UASVM Cluj-Napoca’s campus, in order to help students from the freshman and the visitors because it has a large area of about 23 ha and a number of 15 buildings. We made use of the UAV photogrammetric method, which has advantages such as very short mapping times and reduced costs compared to aerial photogrammetry, using the aircraft. Based on the cartographic data obtained by UAV photogrammetric methods, the necessary paper drawing elements were taken.. In the first phase, we obtained the map using ArcGIS Desktop. Using the data that we obtained from this program we published the ArcGIS Online map where pop-ups were added to each building in order to fit each and every building on the university's website so anyone with access to the Internet can access it from their smartphone.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Alexandra CHIFAN, Alina Maria STĂNCESCU

The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for surveying is now widespread and operational for several applications – quarry monitoring, archeological site surveys, forest management and 3D modeling for buildings, for instance. UAV is increasingly usedby land surveyors especially for kinds of projects. It is still ambiguous whether UAV can be applicable for smaller sites and property division. Therefore, the objective of this project is to extract an orthophotomap, which can be used later by the land surveyor engineer in the field of cadaster, to vectorize correctly a topographic plan of the studied area. In order to achieve the correct result, the orthophotomap was created using a UAV, and more specific TRIMBLE UX5 HP. The flight schedule was prepared in the office with “Aerial imaging Desktop” software, and for the processing of the resulted photos was used “TBC - Trimble Business Center” software. Both of the softwares are provided by Trimble, the manufacturer of the UAV. The main problems associated with using a UAV are the level of precision and the visualization of the whole area. The results indicated that the precision is quite satisfactory with a maximum error of 5.33 cm for the rest of the model.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Andreea Luminiţa DEDULESCU

The main source of food comes from agriculture, depending on the factors of environment, light, temperature, water, air, soil, plants grow and develop. One way of efficiently monitor the development process of the plants is remote sensing. Using free-of-charge data, such as Sentinel-2, we can compare the condition of the harvest in different years with the help of the various indices computed from the many satellite bands, bands in the visible spectrum with a resolution of 10 m and the invisible spectrum, resolution shifting between 20 and 60 m. In this study, we want to focus on climate change and how it affects the condition of crops using satellite data for three consecutive years in the same area. Lack of precipitation and abnormal temperatures for certain periods of the year can affect crops and reduce food quality and quantities.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Patricia DRAGOMIR

The monitoring of large areas by using satellite technique is very useful in the context of sustainable development and efficient and secure management. Satellite methods and techniques are increasingly used in studying and monitoring land and vegetation. There is very useful spectral information with great precision in characterizing large areas of land. This study is used for analyzing and determining how one of the most important parameters that could be obtained based on satellite images and the spectral frequency spectrum of the thermal surface in the thermal area, which is named the surface temperature of the ground. The studied area was Timisoara, and the LST parameter was determined using a specialized GIS software based on images from Landsat 8. Landsat 8 is an American Earth Observation Observatory launched on February 11, 2013 and an infrared thermal sensor TIRS) with two thermal bands. Starting from Landsat 8 satellite images and bands 10 and 11, the information spectrum describing the studied area was extracted and mathematical algorithms were processed, the LST parameter was determined to characterize the studied area. This study is also used to analyse how the soil surface temperature is determined based on Landsat 8 satellite imagery and a terrain surface response spectrum. To detect certain temperature categories of a surface or object, the radiation emitted by this electromagnetic spectrum is measured with thermal infrared.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Muzaffer DUYSAL, Çağla Aytaç DURSUN, Özgür TUZCU, Durdali ATILGAN, Kerim USLU, Serdar DOĞAN

The project aims to design and produce a 5x5x5 cm pocketqube satellite that will be positioned in low earth orbit (500 km). The satellite will transfer the data obtained by the sensors and the camera to the earth. The satellite will be produced to serve for about 3 years on the earth's orbit. The satellite will include the Power Sub-System (EGS), the Built-in Computer Sub-System (MIS), the Communication Sub-System (HS), the Orientation Identification and Control Sub-System (YBKS) and the Useful Load Subsystem (FAS). All of the systems will be designed and produced in the laboratories of Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University. A ground station will be established within our university for communication with the satellite. The data to be obtained via the ground station will be shared over the internet. The presented study explains the proposed system design of the pocketqube.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Vasilică GEMĂNARU

This study wants to present the way to achieve a useful geodatabase in managing the objectives inventory projects within USAMVBT campus, namely: pillars, banks, trees, barriers, parking spaces, roads, hydrants. It is an assembly of information collected using specific methods and procedures, then properly processed by programs and finally finishing with a database (GIS). The purpose of this paper is creating a geodatabase that includes all the objectives of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat "King Mihai I of Romania" in Timişoara. This inventory will be made using state-of-the-art GNSS and GIS technology, attributes will be taken from the ground, and an on-line GIS map will be created that it can be continually updated and it will allow monitoring of objectives to protect them.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Ionuţ Cosmin GHEORGHESCU, Florin Cristian BÂRLIBA

The paper presents the current state of development of digital photogrammetry, the processing of photogrammetric images that are done manually or automatically in the digital environment, in order to elaborate the 3D model of a lens. Digital photogrammetric processing is based on object characteristics, which are visible in images. The main purpose in automatic digital photogrammetry is to extract the geometric characteristics of the identified objects. AgiSoft PhotoScan is an autonomous photogrammetric and advanced 3D image modeling software used to create professional and quality 3D models. Agisoft is a state-of-the-art program used to reconstruct 3D objects from multiple images. The totally automated workflow allows all users to process thousands of aerial or terrestrial images without the need for advanced modeling knowledge using a computer. This way you can get final products, which consist of professional photogrammetric data.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Raluca Ioana MIHAI, Adina Maria VAIDEŞ

This paper aims at discussing about the evolution, throughout the years of private areas in the North side of Herăstrău Park in order to highlight the changes brought by urbanization and housing in this area. This paper will focus on the quantitative aspect of the problems derived from these aspects .The World Health Organization recommended 50 m2 of green space per capita, whereas the Government Emergency Ordinance no.114/2007 implies that the local authorities have the obligation to ensure at least 26 m2/capita. This numbers are not achieved in Bucharest due to different factors, one of them being the conversion of public spaces from parks into private spaces (Tudora et.al., 2018, p.120). One of such affected parks is Herăstrău, the largest park of Bucharest, listed in The National List of Cultural Heritage (code 47 B-I-s-B-17874). Even though the park is officially acknowledged as heritage, the park has suffered a decline of its surface due to the extension of private buildings and built areas. These are due to numerous causes that go from unfollowed regulations to misinterpretations of the law and more (Mexi et.al., 2018, p.3).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Cristina-Elena MIHALACHE

Transmission line corridor clearance management plays a critically important role in power line risk management and is an important task of the routine power line inspection of the grid company. Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technology brought a new reformation for measurement technology, and the airborne LIDAR technology provides a new way for power line inspection. Compared with the traditional measurement system, airborne LIDAR measurement system has its unique technical advantages, which can directly obtain the power line corridor point cloud and get the high precision of 3D spatial information, then obtain the whole information of the 3D power lines corridor. This study proposes an extraction method of critical areas from power lines using LIDAR point cloud data. The corridor monitoring mainly includes the inspection of the overhanging trees in the corridor and the existence of the bird's nest and other routes, this study, introduce the working principle and application of LIDAR system in power line inspection. LIDAR system's advantage is that can accurately restore the 3D spatial information of line corridors, and then we can get along the more accurate and more comprehensive information of the line and route area.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Marius-Cornel NICOLAE, Alin-Ionuţ POPA

The paper aimed to present the main steps necessary to determine photo-coordinates and the process to correct them for systematic errors, such as radial distortion, refraction and earth curvature which is also known as image refinement. Image preprocessing is a technique which is used to enhance raw images received from aerial photocameras, placed on drones, airplanes, satellites or other aircrafts for various engineering applications with a good accuracy. Photogrammetric original data obtained are usually geometrically distorted due to the acquisition system and the movements of the platform. So, we inserted the diapositives into the measuring system (e.g. stereo-comparator or analytical plotter) and measured the fiducial marks in the machine coordinate system. Then, we compute the transformation parameters with a similarity or affine transformation. The transformation establishes a relationship between the measuring system and the fiducial coordinate system, and translates the fiducial system to the photocoordinate system. Finally, we corrected photo-coordinates for radial distortion (by linearly interpolating with the values given in the calibration certificate) and other systematic errors.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Alexandra Adriana PĂULESCU, Mălina Elena ŞTEFAN

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology has gained great attention in recent years. It is viewed as a low-cost alternative for local large scale aerial mapping and other applications requiring the modeling of a relative small area only. In this paper we present the eBeeX UAV from SenseFly used in acquisition of aerial images and the Pix4DMapper software for data processing for generating a 3D model of a hotel from Spain. The data used in this project are available on https://www.sensefly.com/education/datasets/. Data management in cases where the number of images is high is also very important. The use of UAVs is also advantageous because it may be used for tasks requiring quick response, including in the case of the inspection and monitoring of buildings. It is demonstrated that the UAV system for low altitude aerial photogrammetry can be used in the construction of 3D building production, and the technology solution in this paper offers a new, fast and technical plan for the 3D expression of the city landscape, fine modeling and visualization.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Teodora PÎNTEA

The present paper consists in carrying out a study on precision in cadastral works by means of the comparison between orthophoto map and terrestrial measurements for a district in a locality in Brasov county. For this study, terrestrial measurements were made using GNSS technology and photogrammetric measurements using Dji Phantom 4 with the help of which a series of images were taken and processed with special software resulting orthophoto of the studied area. Finally a statistical analysis was carried out, calculating a series of statistical indicators whose results provide information on the accuarcy between the measured elements and those resulting from the vectorization of the orthophoto map.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Alin-Ionuţ POPA, Marius-Cornel NICOLAE

The paper aimed to present the evolution of ArcGIS from ArcGIS 10.3 to ArcGISPro. Similar to ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcScene and ArcGlobe, ArcGIS Pro is an application that belongs to ArcGIS for Desktop and is included in with the ArcGIS 10.3 for Desktop product. ArcGIS Pro by Esri improves the GIS experience by assisting ArcGIS for Desktop to perform faster and is used to create and analyze data in 2D and 3D. The brand new 64-bit desktop application is an essential upgrade for the ArcMap in developing and analyzing spatial data. Projects: ArcGIS Pro transforms all entries into projects, maintaining organized and standardized work. This project feature is comprised of a vast number of project templates catering for a wide variety of needs. Data visualization: ArcGIS Pro contains a rich library of maps and layer types. With its new 64-bit support system, multiples maps and layers can be viewed simultaneously. Even better, these maps and layers can be viewed in 2D and 3D.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Vasilica ROHAN

The paper aimed to present the realization of an urbanistic plane in area Rădoaiei rivulet from Şinca Nouă and a cadastral delimitation between the Territorial-Administrative Units of Şinca Nouă and Codlea from Braşov county using GNSS technology. The data processing has been achieved with specific methods thus resulting the topographical plan on the area discussed above. Using the measurements a comparative study of the boundary’s coordinates has been achieved , utilizing specific softs. Thus, a differences between using satellite registrations in simple frequency (carrier wave L1), and in double frequency (combination of carried waves L1 and L2) resulted.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 7
Written by Sonia VILCINSCHI, Silvia IVAN, Cătălin MILOS, Răzvan PREDA

The paper aim is to show a novel technique for tracking and monitoring the physical activity of the players in 3x3 basketball sport using a GPS system, due to the fact this particular sport is considered nowadays is one of the most spreaded urban team activity. In order to establish the best way for basketball players to improve their endurance and thus obtain better performance during the game we used for the first time in Romania a Polar monitor chest for measurement heartbeat. The results showed that 3x3 basketball game is significantly more anaerobic than the traditional 5v5 one, and even if the first one is shorter in terms of time the relative intensity is twice higher than of traditional 5v5 basketball.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Anca BARCU

There are all kinds of residues, from either plant processing or harvesting and although some of them can be integrated into the soil in order to enrich its nutritious content for further crops, there are a large number of uses for the seemingly unimportant parts left. From fodder to water filtering systems, plant residues have a variety of uses, some more surprising than others, and they contribute to the sustainability of crops and ecosystems to a larger extent than commonly known.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Journal of Young Scientist", Vol. 6
Written by Nicoleta-Corina CÂRNAŢ-MÂRZA

The purpose of this study was to research the possibilities of recycling Zn-C and alkaline batteries as well as the possibilities of recovering the component microelements, determining their ability to be reused in agriculture as fertilizers to combat the deficiency of microelements in corn crops. To carry out this study, we dismanted several types of batteries, we established the rate of metal, plastic, paper and residue.We determined the composition of residue and the possibility of using it in agriculture.

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  1. STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ASBESTOS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND ON THE POPULATION OF ALBA IULIA
  2. GET IN BUSSINES WITH THE PLANTS WASTE
  3. SUSTAINABLE WATER USE IN BULENT ECEVIT UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
  4. ACCESSION OF EUROPEAN FUNDS UNDER THE NATIONAL PROGRAM OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT (2014-2020) FOR THE FOUNDATION OF A ZOOTECHNICAL FARM BARATEAZ VILLAGE FROM TIMIS COUNTY

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